Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-g8jcs Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-26T03:28:32.309Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Seasonal abundance and distribution of Tetranychus urticae (Acari: Tetranychidae), the two spotted spider mite, on cotton in Australia and implications for management

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  10 July 2009

L.J Wilson  and
R Morton
L.J Wilson*
Affiliation:
Cotton Research Unit, CSIRO Division of Plant Industry, Narrabri, New South Wales, Australia
R Morton
Affiliation:
CSIRO Biometrics Unit, Canberra, Australia
*
L.J. Wilson, CSIRO Division of Plant IndustryP.O. Box 59, Narrabri, NSW, 2390, Australia.
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

The two spotted spider mite, Tetranychus urticae Koch (Acari: Tetranychidae), is a pest of cotton in Australia yet has received little attention. To develop sampling strategies for pest management the seasonal abundance and intra-crop distribution of T. urticae on cotton was studied. T. urticae colonized cotton crops at seedling emergence in October. Populations declined through November/December then increased progressively thereafter, at varying times and rates. Higher initial infestation levels were correlated with earlier, potentially more damaging, mite outbreaks. Survival of T. urticae through November/December appears crucial in determining the extent to which this potential is realized. Nodes 3 to 5 below the terminal were most heavily infested and should be used as the sampling unit for mites. The within plant distribution of T. urticae was unaffected by cotton variety or insecticide applications. T. urticae was more abundant on the edges of fields than in the interior early in the season (October and November) indicating colonization from an external source. The edge effect diminished with time, suggesting a lack of continuous colonization. The only exceptions to this pattern occurred when T. urticae migrated from senescent maize crops into the nearby cotton crops in early January. A simple sampling technique, based on the presence or absence of mites on leaves was developed for pest management purposes.

Type
Original Articles
Information
Bulletin of Entomological Research , Volume 83 , Issue 2 , June 1993 , pp. 291 - 303
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 1993

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Botha, J.H. (1984) The effect of Tetranychus cinnabarinus (Boisduval) (Acari: Tetranychidae) on cotton yields. Phytophylactica 16, 243–250.Google Scholar
Brandenburg, R.L. & Kennedy, G.G. (1982) Intercrop relationships and spider mite dispersal in a corn/peanut agroecosystem. Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata 32, 269–276.Google Scholar
Brandenburg, R.L. & Kennedy, G.G. (1987) Ecological and agricultural considerations in the management of two-spotted spider mite (Tetranychus urticae Koch). Agricultural Zoology Reviews 2, 185–236.Google Scholar
Brito, R. (1980) Factors affecting the distribution and abundance of 3 species of Tetranychus spider mites and the effect of their damage on transpiration and photosynthesis. PhD Dissertation, University of California, Riverside.Google Scholar
Carey, J.R. (1982) Within-plant distribution of tetranychid mites on cotton. Environmental Entomology 11, 796–800.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Carey, J.R. & Bradley, J.W. (1982) Developmental rates, vital schedules, sex ratios, and life tables for Tetranychus urticae, T. turkestani and T. pacificus (Acarina: Tetranychidae) on cotton. Acarologia 23, 333–345.Google Scholar
Chandler, L.D., Archer, T.L., Ward, C.R. & Lyle, W.M. (1979) Influences of irrigation practices on spider mite densities on field corn. Environmental Entomology 8, 196–201.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Davis, D.W. (1952) Some effects of DDT on spider mites. Journal of Economic Entomology 45, 652–654.Google Scholar
Duncombe, W.G. (1977) Cotton losses caused by spider mites (Acarina: Tetranychidae). Rhodesia Agriculture Journal 74, 141–146.Google Scholar
Dupont, L.M. (1979) On gene flow between Tetranychus urticae Koch, 1836 and Tetranychus cinnabarinus (Boisduval) Boudreaux, 1956 (Acari: Tetranychidae): synonymy between the two species. Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata 25, 297–303.Google Scholar
Ferro, D.N. & Chapman, R.B. (1979) Effects of different constant humidities and temperatures on two-spotted spider mites egg hatch. Environmental Entomology 8, 701–705.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Forrester, N.W. & Wilson, A.G.L. (1988) Insects pests of cotton. New South Wales Department of Agriculture Agfact P5.AE.1, 18 pp.Google Scholar
Gerson, U. & Cohen, E. (1989) Resurgences of spider mites (Acari: Tetranychidae) induced by synthetic pyrethroids. Experimental and Applied Acarology 6, 29–46.Google Scholar
Hampshire, F. (1985) Cotton mites, their response to chemical control. Australian Cottongrower 6(3), 56–58.Google Scholar
Hearn, A.B. & Constable, G.A. (1984) Cotton. pp. 495–527In Goldsworthy, P.R. & Fisher, N.M. (eds) The physiology of tropical food crops. New York, John Wiley and Sons.Google Scholar
Hollingsworth, C.S. & Berry, R.E. (1982) Two-spotted spider mite (Acari: Tetranychidae) in peppermint: population dynamics and influence of cultural practices. Environmental Entomology 11, 1280–1284.Google Scholar
Holtzer, T.O., Perring, T.M. & Johnson, M.W. (1984) Winter and spring distribution and density of banks grass mite (Acari: Tetranychidae) in adjacent wheat and corn. Journal of the Kansas Entomological Society 57, 333–335.Google Scholar
Ives, P.M. & Hearn, A.B. (1987) The SIRATAC system for cotton pest management in Australia. pp. 251–268 in Teng, P.S. (Ed.) Crop loss assessment and pest management. St Paul, Minnesota, APS Press.Google Scholar
Jones, V.P. (1990) Developing sampling plans for spider mites (Acari: Tetranychidae): those who don't remember the past may have to repeat it. Journal of Economic Entomology 83, 1656–1664.Google Scholar
Leigh, T.F. (1985) Cotton. pp 349–358in Helle, W. & Sabelis, M.W. (Eds) Spider mites. Their biology, natural enemies and control. Vol. 1B. New York, Elsevier.Google Scholar
Linke, W. (1953) Investigation of the biology and epidemiology of the common spider mite, Tetranychus althaeae v. Hanst. with particular reference to the hop as the host. Hofchen-Briefe 6, 181–232.Google Scholar
Mollet, J.A. & Sevacherian, V. (1984) Pesticide and seasonal effects on within-plant distribution of Tetranychus cinnabarinus (Boisduval) (Acari: Tetranychidae) in cotton. Journal of Economic Entomology 77, 925–928.Google Scholar
Mollet, J.A., Trumble, J.T. & Sevacherian, V. (1984a) Comparison of dispersion and regression indices for Tetranychus cinnabarinus (Boisduval) (Acari: Tetranychidae) population on cotton. Environmental Entomology 13, 1511–1514.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mollet, J.A., Trumble, J.T., Walker, G.P. & Sevacherian, V. (1984b) Sampling scheme for determining population intensity of Tetranychus cinnabarinus (Boisduval) (Acarina: Tetranychidae) in cotton. Environmental Entomology 13, 1015–1017.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nachman, G. (1984) Estimates of mean population density and spatial distribution of Tetranychus urticae (Acarina: Tetranychidae) and Phytoseiulus persimilis (Acarina: Phytoseiidae) based on the proportion of empty sampling units. Journal of Applied Ecology 21, 903–913.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nickel, J.L. (1960) Temperature and humidity relationships of Tetranychus desertorum Banks with special reference to distribution. Hilgardia 30, 41–100.Google Scholar
Payne, R.W., Lane, P.W., Ainsley, A.E., Bicknell, K.E., Digby, P.G.N., Harding, S.A., Leech, P.K., Simpson, H.R., Todd, A.D., Verrier, P.J., White, R.P., Gower, J.C., Wilson, G.T. & Paterson, L.J. (1987) Genstat 5 reference manual. 749 pp. Oxford, Clarendon Press.Google Scholar
Penman, D.R. & Chapman, R.B. (1988) Pesticide-induced mite outbreaks: pyrethroids and spider mites. Experimental and Applied Acarology 4, 265–276.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Snedecor, G.W. & Cochran, W.G. (1980) Statistical methods. 7th edn. 507 pp. Ames, Iowa, The Iowa State University Press.Google Scholar
Southwood, T.R.E. (1978) Ecological methods. 2nd edn. 524 pp. London, Chapman and Hall.Google Scholar
Taylor, L.R. (1961) Aggregation, variance and the mean. Nature, London 189, 732–735.Google Scholar
Trumble, J.T. (1985) Implications of changes in arthropod distribution following chemical application. Researches on Population Ecology 27, 277–285.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Uk, S. & Courshee, R.J. (1982) Distribution and likely effectiveness of spray deposits within a cotton canopy from fine ultra low-volume spray applied by aircraft. Pesticide Science 13, 529–536.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wilson, L.J. (1992) Pest status and ecology of the two-spotted spider mite on cotton in Australia and implications for management. PhD thesis, University of Queensland, Brisbane.Google Scholar
Wilson, L.T., Gonzalez, D., Leigh, T.F., Maggi, V., Foristiere, C. & Goodell, P. (1983) Within-plant distribution of spider mites (Acari: Tetranychidae) on cotton: a developing implementable. Environmental Entomology 12, 128–134.Google Scholar