Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-q99xh Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-22T19:44:52.423Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Resource use of insect seed predators during general flowering and seeding events in a Bornean dipterocarp rain forest

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  09 March 2007

M. Nakagawa ,
T. Itioka ,
K. Momose ,
T. Yumoto ,
F. Komai ,
K. Morimoto ,
B.H. Jordal ,
M. Kato ,
H. Kaliang  and
A.A. Hamid
...Show all authors
M. Nakagawa*
Affiliation:
Center for Ecological Research, Kyoto University, Kamitanakami-Hirano, Otsu, Shiga 520-2113, Japan
T. Itioka
Affiliation:
Laboratory of Applied Entomology, Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
K. Momose
Affiliation:
Graduate School for Asian and African Area Studies, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
T. Yumoto
Affiliation:
Center for Ecological Research, Kyoto University, Kamitanakami-Hirano, Otsu, Shiga 520-2113, Japan
F. Komai
Affiliation:
Osaka University of Arts, Higashiyama 469, Kanan-cho, Osaka, 585-8555, Japan
K. Morimoto
Affiliation:
Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Hakozaki, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8581, Japan
B.H. Jordal
Affiliation:
School of Biological Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, NR4 7TJ, UK
M. Kato
Affiliation:
Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, Sakyo, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
H. Kaliang
Affiliation:
Forest Research Center, Sarawak, Batu 6, Jalan Penrissen, Kuching 93250, Sarawak, Malaysia
A.A. Hamid
Affiliation:
Forest Research Center, Sarawak, Batu 6, Jalan Penrissen, Kuching 93250, Sarawak, Malaysia
T. Inoue
Affiliation:
Center for Ecological Research, Kyoto University, Kamitanakami-Hirano, Otsu, Shiga 520-2113, Japan
T. Nakashizuka
Affiliation:
Research Institute for Humanity and Nature, Takashima-cho, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto 602-0878, Japan CREST, Japan Science and Technology Corporation, Kawaguchi, Japan
*
*Fax: +81 77 549 8201 E-mail: [email protected]
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Insect seed predators of 24 dipterocarp species (including the genera of Dipterocarpus, Dryobalanops and Shorea) and five species belonging to the Moraceae, Myrtaceae, Celastraceae and Sapotaceae were investigated. In a tropical lowland dipterocarp forest in Sarawak, Malaysia, these trees produced seeds irregularly but intensely during general flowering and seeding events in 1996 and/or 1998. Dipterocarp seeds were preyed on by 51 insect species (11 families), which were roughly classified into three taxonomic groups: smaller moths (Tortricidae, Pyralidae, Crambidae, Immidae, Sesiidae and Cosmopterigidae), scolytids (Scolytidae) and weevils (Curculionidae, Apionidae, Anthribidae, and Attelabidae). Although the host-specificity of invertebrate seed predators has been assumed to be high in tropical forests, it was found that the diet ranges of some insect predators were relatively wide and overlapped one another. Most seed predators that were collected in both study years changed their diets between general flowering and seeding events. The results of cluster analyses, based on the number of adults of each predator species that emerged from 100 seeds of each tree species, suggested that the dominant species was not consistent, alternating between the two years.

Type
Research Article
Information
Bulletin of Entomological Research , Volume 93 , Issue 5 , September 2003 , pp. 455 - 466
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2003

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Appanah, S. (1985) General flowering in the climax rain forest of Southeast Asia. Journal of Tropical Ecology 1, 225–240.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Appanah, S. (1993) Mass flowering of dipterocarp forests in the aseasonal tropics. Journal of Bioscience 18, 457–474.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Appanah, S. & Chan, H.T. (1981) Thrips: the pollinators of some dipterocarps. Malaysian Forester 44, 234–252.Google Scholar
Ashton, P.S. (1982) Dipterocarpaceae. Flora Malesiana Ser 9, 237–552.Google Scholar
Ashton, P.S., Givnish, T.J. & Appanah, S. (1988) Staggered flowering in the Dipterocarpaceae: new insights into floral induction and the evolution of mast fruiting in the aseasonal tropics. American Naturalist 132, 44–66.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Auld, T.D. (1986) Variation in predispersal seed predation in several Australian Acacia spp. Oikos 47, 319–326.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Basset, Y. (1992) Host specificity of arboreal and free-living insect herbivores in rain forests. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 47, 115–133.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Beaver, R.A. (1979) Host specificity of temperate and tropical animals. Nature 281, 139–141.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chan, H.T. (1977) Reproductive biology of some Malaysian dipterocarps. PhD thesis, University of Aberdeen, United Kingdom.Google Scholar
Crawley, M.J. (1989) Insect herbivores and plant population dynamics. Annual Review of Entomology 34, 531–564.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cunningham, S.A. (1997) Predator control of seed production by a rain forest understorey palm. Oikos 79, 282–290.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Curran, L.M. & Leighton, M. (2000) Vertebrate responses to spatiotemporal variation in seed production of mast-fruiting Dipterocarpaceae. Ecological Monographs 70, 101–128.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Daljeet-Singh, K. (1974) Seed pests of some dipterocarps. Malaysian Forester 37, 24–36.Google Scholar
Díaz, I., Papic, C. & Armesto, J.J. (1999) An assessment of post-dispersal seed predation in temperate rain forest fragments in Chiloé Island, Chile. Oikos 87, 228–238.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fleck, C.D. & Layne, N.J. (1990) Variation in tannin activity of acorns of seven species of central Florida oaks. Journal of Chemical Ecology 16, 2925–2934.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Forget, P.M. (1996) Removal of seeds of Carapa procera (Meliaceae) by rodents and their fate in rainforest in French Guiana. Journal of Tropical Ecology 12, 751–761.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Forget, P.M., Kitajima, K. & Foster, R.B. (1999) Pre- and post-dispersal seed predation in Tachigali versicolor (Caesalpiniaceae): effects of timing of fruiting and variation among trees. Journal of Tropical Ecology 15, 61–81.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fukumoto, H. & Kajimura, H. (1999) Seed-insect fauna of pre-dispersal acorns and acorn seasonal fall patterns of Quercus variabilis and Q. serrata in central Japan. Entomological Science 2, 197–203.Google Scholar
Fukumoto, H. & Kajimura, H. (2001) Guild structures of seed insects in relation to acorn development in two oak species. Ecological Research 16, 145–155.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Heithaus, R.E. (1981) Seed predation by rodents on three ant-dispersed plants. Ecology 62, 136–145.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Igarashi, Y. & Kamata, N. (1997) Insect predation and seasonal seedfall of the Japanese beech, Fagus crenata Blume, in northern Japan. Journal of Applied Entomology 121, 65–69.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Inoue, T. & Hamid, A.A. (1994) Plant reproductive system and animal seasonal dynamics: long-term study of dipterocarp forests in Sarawak. 255 pp. Center for Ecological Research, Kyoto University, Kyoto.Google Scholar
Inoue, T., Yumoto, T., Hamid, A.A., Lee, H.S. & Ogino, K. (1995) Construction of a canopy observation system in a tropical rainforest of Sarawak. Selbyana 16, 100–111.Google Scholar
Itoh, A., Yamakura, T., Ogino, K. & Lee, H.S. (1995) Survivorship and growth of seedlings of four dipterocarp species in a tropical rainforest of Sarawak, East Malaysia. Ecological Research 10, 327–338.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Janzen, D.H. (1969) Seed-eaters versus seed size, number, toxicity and dispersal. Evolution 23, 1–27.Google ScholarPubMed
Janzen, D.H. (1971) Seed predation by animals. Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics 2, 465–492.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Janzen, D.H. (1974) Tropical blackwater rivers, animals, and mast fruiting by the Dipterocarpaceae. Biotropica 6, 69–103.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Janzen, D.H. (1980) Specificity of seed-attacking beetles in a Costa Rican deciduous forest. Journal of Ecology 68, 929–952.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Janzen, D.H. (1981) Patterns of herbivory in a tropical deciduous forest. Biotropica 13, 271–282.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Janzen, D.H. (1988) Ecological characterization of a Costa Rican dry forest caterpillar fauna. Biotropica 20, 120–135.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jordal, H.B. & Kirkendall, R.L. (1998) Ecological relationships of a guild of tropical beetles breeding in Cecropia petioles in Costa Rica. Journal of Tropical Ecology 14, 153–176.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kachi, N., Okuda, T. & Yap, S.K. (1993) Seedling establishment of a canopy tree species in Malaysian tropical rain forests. Plant Species Biology 8, 167–174.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kalshoven, L.G.E. (1956) Notes on the habits and ecology of Indonesian forest insects of minor importance III: Curculionidae. Indonesian Forest Insect, Deel 16, 77–88.Google Scholar
Kato, M., Itioka, T., Sakai, S., Momose, K., Yamane, S., Hamid, A.A. & Inoue, T. (2000) Various population fluctuation patterns of light-attracted beetles in a tropical lowland dipterocarp forest in Sarawak. Population Ecology 42, 97–194.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kelly, D. (1994) The evolutionary ecology of mast seeding. Tree 9, 465–470.Google ScholarPubMed
Kelly, D. & Sullivan, J.J. (1997) Quantifying the benefits of mast seeding on predator satiation and wind pollination in Chionochloa pallens (Poaceae). Oikos 78, 143–150.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kelly, D., Mckone, M.J., Batchelor, K.J. & Spence, J.R. (1992) Mast seeding of Chionochloa (Poaceae) and pre-dispersal seed predation by a specialist fly (Diplotoxa, Diptera: Chloropidae). New Zealand Journal of Botany 30, 125–133.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Koenig, D.W., Mumme, R.L., Carmen, W.J. & Stanback, M.T. (1994) Acorn production by oaks in central coastal California: variation within and among years. Ecology 75, 99–109.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kokubo, J. (1987) Mortality factor of dipterocarp seeds. Tropical Forestry 8, 21–25 (in Japanese).Google Scholar
Komai, F. (1992) Taxonomic revision of the genus Andrioplecta Obraztsov (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae). Tyo to Ga 43, 151–181.Google Scholar
Komai, F. (1999) A taxonomic review of the genus Grapholita and allied genera (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) in the Palaearctic region. Entomologica Scandinavica Supplement 55, 1–226.Google Scholar
Komai, F. (2001) Notes on microlepidoptera associated with dipterocarp seeds in Sarawak. pp. 161–166in Shimizu, I. (Ed.) Inventory for conservation of tropical rainforests: Grant-in-Aid Research Report for Scientific Research (A2) No. 10041169 (1998–2000), from the Ministry of Education, Science and Culture, Japan. Center for Ecological Research, Kyoto University, Otsu, Shiga.Google Scholar
LaFrankie, J.V., Tan, S. & Ashton, P.S. (1995) Species list for the 52-ha forest dynamics research plot Lambir Hills National Park, Sarawak, Malaysia. Center of Tropical Forest Science, Internal Report. Boston. 140 pp.Google Scholar
Lyal, H.C. & Curran, M.L. (2000) Seed-feeding beetles of the weevil tribe Mecysolobini (Insecta: Coleoptera: Curculionidae) developing in seeds of trees in the Dipterocarpaceae. Journal of Natural History 34, 1743–1847.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Madeira, A.J. & Fernandes, W. (1999) Reproductive phenology of sympatric taxa of Chamaecrista (Leguminosae) in Serra do Cipó, Brazil. Journal of Tropical Ecology 15, 463–479.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Maeto, K. (1993) Acorn insects of Quercus mongolica ver. grosseserrata in Hitsujijgaoka natural forest, Hokkaido-life history of the principal species and their impacts on seed viability. Transactions of the Meeting of the Hokkaido Branch of the Japanese Forestry Society 41, 88–90 (in Japanese).Google Scholar
Marquis, J.R. & Braker, H.E. (1994) Plant-herbivore interactions: diversity, specificity, and impact. pp.261–281Chicago, University of Chicago Press.Google Scholar
Mattson, W.J. (1971) Relationship between cone crop size and cone damage by insects in red pine seed-production areas. Canadian Entomologist 103, 617–621.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mattson, W.J. (1980) Herbivory in relation to plant nitrogen content. Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics 11, 119–161.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mawdsley, N.A. & Stork, N.E. (1997) Host-specificity and the effective specialization of tropical canopy beetles. pp. 104–130in Stork, N.E. et al. (Eds.) Canopy arthropods. London, Chapman and Hall.Google Scholar
McShea, J.W. (2000) The influence of acorn crops on annual variation in rodent and bird populations. Ecology 81, 228–238.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Momose, K., Nagamitsu, T. & Inoue, T. (1996) The reproductive ecology of an emergent dipterocarp in a lowland rain forest in Sarawak. Plant Species Biology 11, 189–198.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Momose, K., Yumoto, T., Nagamitsu, T., Kato, M., Nagamasu, H., Sakai, S., Harrison, R.D., Itioka, T., Hamid, A.A. & Inoue, T. (1998) Pollination biology in a lowland dipterocarp forest in Sarawak, Malaysia. I. Characteristics of the plant-pollinator community in a lowland dipterocarp forest. American Journal of Botany 85, 1477–1501.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nakagawa, M., Tanaka, K., Nakashizuka, T., Ohkubo, T., Kato, T., Maeda, T., Sato, K., Miguchi, H., Nagamasu, H., Teo, S., Hamid, A.A. & Sen, L.H. (2000) Impacts of severe drought associated with 1997–1998El Niño in a tropical forest in Sarawak. Journal of Tropical Ecology 16, 355–368.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Newman, M.F., Burgess, P.F. & Whitmore, T.C. (1998 a) Borneo Island light hardwoods. Manual of dipterocarps for foresters. Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh, UK and Center for International Forestry Research, Indonesia.Google Scholar
Newman, M.F., Burgess, P.F. & Whitmore, T.C. (1998 b) Borneo Island medium and heavy hardwoods. Manuals of dipterocarps for foresters. Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh, UK and Center for International Forestry Research, Indonesia.Google Scholar
Nilsson, G.S. (1985) Ecological and evolutionary interactions between reproduction of beech Fagus sylvatica and seed eating animals. Oikos 44, 157–164.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nilsson, G.S. & Wästljung, U. (1987) Seed predation and cross-pollination in mast-seeding beech (Fagus sylvatica) patches. Ecology 68, 260–265.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Norton, D.A. & Kelly, D. (1988) Mast seeding over 33 years by Dacrydium cupressinum Lamb. (rimu) (Podocarpaceae) in New Zealand: the importance of economies of scale. Functional Ecology 2, 399–408.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Numata, S., Kachi, N., Okuda, T. & Manokaran, N. (1999) Chemical defenses of fruits and mast-fruiting of dipterocarps. Journal of Tropical Ecology 15, 695–700.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ofcarcik, P.R. & Burns, E.E. (1971) Chemical and physical properties of selected acorns. Journal of Food Science 36, 576–578.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Prévost, Y.H., Laing, E.J. & Haavisto, V.F. (1988) Seasonal damage by insects and squirrels to female reproductive structures of black spruce Picea mariana (Mill.). B.S.P. Canadian Entomologist 120, 1113–1121.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Robinson, G.S., Ackery, P.R., Kitching, I.J., Beccaloni, G.W. & Hernández, L.M. (2002) Hostplants of the moth and butterfly caterpillars of the Oriental Region. The Natural History Museum and Southdene SDN BHD.Google Scholar
Sakai, S. (1999) General flowering in an aseasonal tropical forest: plant reproductive phenology and plant-pollinator interactions in a lowland dipterocarp forest in Sarawak. PhD thesis, Kyoto University, Japan.Google Scholar
Sakai, S. (2001) Phenological diversity in tropical forests. Population Ecology 43, 77–86.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sakai, S. (2002) General flowering in lowland mixed dipterocarp forests of South-east Asia. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 75, 233–247.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sakai, S., Momose, K., Yumoto, T., Nagamitsu, T., Nagamasu, H., Hamid, A.A., Nakashizuka, T. & Inoue, T. (1999) Plant reproductive phenology over four years including an episode of general flowering in a lowland dipterocarp forest, Sarawak, Malaysia. American Journal of Botany 86, 1414–1436.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Shea, P.J. (1989) Phytophagous insect complex associated with cones of white fir Abies concolor (Gord. and Glend) Lindl., and its impact on seed production. Canadian Entomologist 121, 699–708.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Shibata, M., Tanaka, H. & Nakashizuka, T. (1998) Causes and consequences of mast seed production of four co-occurring Carpinus species in Japan. Ecology 79, 54–64.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Shibata, M., Tanaka, H., Iida, S., Abe, S., Masaki, T., Niiyama, K. & Nakashizuka, T. (2002) Synchronized annual seed production by 16 principal tree species in a temperate deciduous forest, Japan. Ecology 83, 1727–1742.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Short, L.H. & Epps, A.E. Jr. (1976) Nutrient quality and digestibility of seeds and fruits from southern forests. Journal of Wildlife Management 40, 283–289.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Silvertown, J.W. (1980) The evolutionary ecology of mast seeding in trees. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 14, 235–250.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Singh, B. & Deol, S.G. (1985) Effect of locality and diameter class on chemical composition of Quercus leucotrichophora A. Camus ex Bahadur seeds. Indian Forester 111, 301–304.Google Scholar
Sperens, U. (1997) Fruit production in Sorbus aucuparia L. (Rosaceae) and pre-dispersal seed predation by the apple fruit moth (Argyresthia conjugella Zell.). Oecologia 110, 368–373.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
StatSoft. (1995) STATISTICA users’ manual. StatSoft, Tulsa, USA.Google Scholar
Toy, R.J. (1991) Interspecific flowering patterns in the Dipterocarpaceae in west Malaysia: implications for predator satiation. Journal of Tropical Ecology 7, 49–57.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Toy, R.J. & Toy, S.J. (1992) Oviposition preferences and egg survival in Nanophyes shoreae (Coleoptera, Apionidae), a weevil fruit-predator in South-east Asian rain forest. Journal of Tropical Ecology 8, 195–203.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Traveset, A. (1991) Pre-dispersal seed predation in Central American Acacia farnesiana: factors affecting the abundance of cooccurring bruchid beetles. Oikos 87, 570–576.Google Scholar
Ueda, A. (2000) Pre- and post-dispersal damage to the acorns of two oak species (Fagus crenata Blume and F. japonica Maxim.) that masted simultaneously at the same site. Journal of Forest Research 5, 21–29.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Williams, C.E. (1989) Checklist of north American nut-infesting insects and host plants. Journal of Entomological Science 24, 550–562.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Yumoto, T., Inoue, T. & Hamid, A.A. (1996) Monitoring and inventorying system in canopy biology program in Sarawak, Malaysia. pp. 203–215in Inoue, T. (Ed.) Biodiversity and the dynamics of ecosystems. DIWPA.Google Scholar