Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-8ctnn Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-22T19:32:43.908Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Reproductive success of Varroa jacobsoni in brood of its original host, Apis cerana, in comparison to that of its new host, A. mellifera (Hymenoptera: Apidae)

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  10 July 2009

Willem Jan Boot ,
Nguyen Quang Tan ,
Pham Cong Dien ,
Luong Van Huan ,
Nguyen Van Dung ,
Le Tu Long  and
Joop Beetsma
Willem Jan Boot
Affiliation:
Department of Entomology, Wageningen Agricultural University, PO Box 8031, 6700 EH Wageningen, The Netherlands:
Nguyen Quang Tan
Affiliation:
Bee Research Unit, University of Agriculture and Forestry, Thu Duc, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam:
Pham Cong Dien
Affiliation:
Bee Research Unit, University of Agriculture and Forestry, Thu Duc, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam:
Luong Van Huan
Affiliation:
Bee Research Unit, University of Agriculture and Forestry, Thu Duc, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam:
Nguyen Van Dung
Affiliation:
Bee Research and Development Centre, Langha Dongda, Hanoi, Vietnam
Le Tu Long
Affiliation:
Bee Research and Development Centre, Langha Dongda, Hanoi, Vietnam
Joop Beetsma
Affiliation:
Department of Entomology, Wageningen Agricultural University, PO Box 8031, 6700 EH Wageningen, The Netherlands:
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Reproduction of Varroa jacobsoni Oudemans has been extensively studied in colonies of the mite's recently acquired host, Apis mellifera Linnaeus. However, data on reproduction in colonies of its original host, A. cerana Fabricius, are still fragmentary. In order to compare reproductive success in naturally infested brood cells of A. cerana and A. mellifera, freshly capped worker and drone cells (0–5 h after capping) were marked and opened 9 days later. When one or more foundress Varroa mites were found, the number and stage of the offspring were recorded. In colonies of A. cerana, V. jacobsoni reproduced almost exclusively in drone cells. Surprisingly, however, these drone cells proved to be better suited for reproduction than drone (and worker) cells of A. mellifera. Firstly, in drone cells of A. cerana, 97–100% of the mites produced daughters and 98–99% of these mites also produced a son. In drone and worker cells of A. mellifera only 70–80% produced daughters and only 74–86% of these mites produced a son. Secondly, if a mite produced daughters, she produced more daughters in drone cells of A. cerana than in drone cells of A. mellifera: 4.5–4.6 vs 2.9–3.7 daughters per mite, respectively. Finally, infestation by two foundress females negatively affected reproduction per mite in drone cells of A. mellifera, but not in drone cells of A. cerana. Thus, V. jacobsoni seems to be better adapted to A. cerana than to A. mellifera, although population growth of mites in A. mellifera colonies is higher due to the exploitation of worker cells besides drone cells.

Type
Original Articles
Information
Bulletin of Entomological Research , Volume 87 , Issue 2 , April 1997 , pp. 119 - 126
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 1997

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Anderson, D.L. (1994) Non-reproduction of Varroa jacobsoni in Apis mellifera colonies in Papua New Guinea and Indonesia. Apidologie 25, 412–421.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Boecking, O. (1992) Removal behaviour of Apis mellifera colonies towards sealed brood cells infested with Varroa jacobsoni: techniques, extent, efficacy? Apidologie 23, 371–373.Google Scholar
Boecking, O., Rath, W. & Drescher, W. (1993) Behavioral strategies of Apis mellifera and Apis cerana against Varroa jacobsoni. International journal of Acarology 19, 173–177.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Boot, W.J., Calis, J.N.M. & Beetsma, J. (1992) Differential periods of Varroa mite invasion into worker and drone cells of honey bees. Experimental and Applied Acarology 16, 295–301.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Boot, W.J., Van Baalen, M. & Sabelis, M.W. (1995a) Why do Varroa mites invade worker brood cells of the honey bee despite lower reproductive success? Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology 36, 283–289.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Boot, W.J., Calis, J.N.M. & Beetsma, J. (1995b) Does time spent on adult bees affect reproductive success of Varroa mites? Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata 75, 1–7.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Boot, W.J., Calis, J.N.M., Beetsma, J., Hai, D.M., Lan, N.K., Toan, T.V., Trung, L.Q. & Minh, N.H. (in press) The phenomenon of non-reproduction in worker cells as a Varroa-tolerance factor involves natural selection of the mites. Apidologie.Google Scholar
Büchler, R., Drescher, W. & Tornier, I. (1992) Grooming behaviour of Apis cerana, Apis mellifera and Apis dorsata and its effect on the parasitic mite Varroa jacobsoni and Tropilaelaps clareae. Experimental and Applied Acarology 16, 313–319.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Calis, J.N.M., Boot, W.J. & Beetsma, J. (1996) Reproductive success of the Varroa mite in honeybee worker brood with differential development times. Proceedings Experimental and Applied Entomology, N.E.V. Amsterdam 7, 89–94.Google Scholar
De Jong, D. (1988) Varroa jacobsoni does reproduce in worker cells of Apis cerana in South Korea. Apidologie 19, 241–244.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
De Jong, D., Morse, R.A. & Eickwort, G.C. (1982) Mite pests of honey bees. Annual Review of Entomology 27, 229–252.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
De Jong, D., Gonçalves, L.S. & Morse, R.A. (1984) Dependence on climate of the virulence of Varroa jacobsoni. Bee World 65, 117–121.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
De Ruijter, A. & Pappas, N. (1983) Karyotype and sex determination of Varroa jacobsoni Oud. pp. 41–44in Cavalloro, R. (Ed. ) Varroa jacobsoni Oud. affecting honey bees: present status and needs. Rotterdam, A.A. Balkema.Google Scholar
Donzé, G. & Guerin, P.M. (1994) Behavioral attributes and parental care of Varroa mites parasitizing honeybee brood. Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology 34, 305–319.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Donzé, G., Herrmann, M., Bachofen, B. & Guerin, P.M. (1996) Effect of mating frequency and brood cell infestation rate on the reproductive success of the honeybee parasite Varroa jacobsoni. Ecological Entomology 21, 17–26.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Eguaras, M., Marcangeli, J. & Fernandez, N.A. (1994) Influence of ‘parasitic intensity’ on Varroa jacobsoni Oud. reproduction, journal of Apicultural Research 33, 155–159.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fries, I., Camazine, S. & Sneyd, J. (1994) Population dynamics of Varroa jacobsoni: a model and a review. Bee World 75,5–28.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fries, I., Huazhen, W., Wei, S. & Chen, S.J. (1996) Grooming behavior and damaged mites (Varroa jacobsoni) in Apis cerana cerana and Apis mellifera ligustica. Apidologie 27, 3–11.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fuchs, S. (1985) Untersuchungen zur Quantitativen Abschätzung des Befalls von Bienenvölkern mit Varroa jacobsoni Oudemans und zur Verteilung des Parasiten im Bienenvolk. Apidologie 16, 343–368.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fuchs, S. & Langenbach, K. (1989) Multiple infestation of Apis mellifera L. brood cells and reproduction in Varroa jacobsoni Oud. Apidologie 20, 257–266.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ha, T.D. & Lap, P.V. (1993) Current status of beekeeping and priorities in research and development on bees and beekeeping in Vietnam. pp. 15–38 in Workshop on priorities in R&D on beekeeping in tropical Asia. Universiti Pertanian Malaysia, Beenet Asia.Google Scholar
Harbo, J.R. (1992) Breeding honey bees (Hymenoptera: Apidae) for more rapid development of larvae and pupae. journal of Economic Entomology 85, 2125–2130.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ifantidis, M.D. (1983) Ontogenesis of the mite Varroa jacobsoni in worker and drone honeybee brood cells. Journal of Apicultural Research 22, 200–206.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ifantidis, M.D. (1984) Parameters of the population dynamics of the Varroa mite on honeybees. Journal of Apicultural Research 23, 227–233.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ifantidis, M.D. (1988) Some aspects of the process of Varroa jacobsoni mite entrance into honey bee (Apis mellifera) brood cells. Apidologie 19, 387–396.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ifantidis, M.D. (1994) Factors influencing the population growth rate of the parasitic mite Varroa jacobsoni. pp. 58–62in Matheson, A. (Ed.) New perspectives on varroa. Cardiff, IBRA.Google Scholar
Kapil, R.P. (1959) Variation in the developmental period of the Indian bee. Indian Bee Journal 21, 3–6 & 26.Google Scholar
Koeniger, N., Koeniger, G. & Wijayagunasekara, N.H.P. (1981) Beobachtungen über die anpassung von Varroa jacobsoni an ihren natürlichen Wirt Apis cerana in Sri Lanka. Apidologie 12, 37–40.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Le Conte, Y. & Cornuet, J.M. (1989) Variability of the post-capping stage duration of the worker brood in three different races of Apis mellifera. pp. 171–174in Cavalloro, R.(Ed. ) Present status of varroatosis in Europe and progress in the Varroa mite control. Luxembourg, Commission of the European Communities.Google Scholar
Martin, S.J. (1994) Ontogenesis of the mite Varroa jacobsoni Oud.in worker brood of the honeybee Apis mellifera L. under natural conditions. Experimental and Applied Acarology 18, 87–100.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Martin, S.J. (1995) Ontogenesis of the mite Varroa jacobsoni Oud.in drone brood of the honeybee Apis mellifera L. under natural conditions. Experimental and Applied Acarology 19,199–210.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Matheson, A. (1993) World bee health report. Bee World 74,176–212.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Matheson, A. (1995) First documented findings of Varroa jacobsoni outside its presumed natural range. Apiacta 30,1–8.Google Scholar
Moosbeckhofer, R., Fabsicz, M. & Kohlich, A. (1988) Untersuchungen über die Abhängigkeit der Nachkommensrate von Varroa jacobsoni Oud. vom Befallsgrad der Bienenvölker. Apidologie 19, 181–208.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Moretto, G., Gonçalves, L.S., De Jong, D. & Bichuette, M.Z.(1991) The effects of climate and bee race on Varroa jacobsoni Oud. infestations in Brazil. Apidologie 22, 197–203.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Oudemans, A.C. (1904) On a new genus and species of parasitic acari. Notes from the Leyden Museum 24, 216–222.Google Scholar
Peng, Y.-S., Fang, Y., Xu, S. & Ge, L. (1987) The resistance mechanism of the Asian honey bee, Apis cerana Fabr., to an ectoparasitic mite, Varroa jacobsoni Oudemans. Journal of Invertebrate Pathology 49, 54–60.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rath, W. (1991) Laboratory culture of the mites Varroa jacobsoni and Tropilaelaps clareae. Experimental and Applied Acarology 10, 289–293.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rath, W. (1993) Aspects of preadaptation in V. jacobsoni while shifting from its original host A. cerana to A. mellifera.pp. 417–426in Conner, L.J., Rinderer, T., Sylvester, H.A. & Wongsiri, S. (Eds) Asian apiculture. Cheshire CT, USA,Wicwas Press.Google Scholar
Rath, W. & Drescher, W. (1990) Response of Apis cerana Fabr. towards brood infested with Varroa jacobsoni Oud. and infestation rate of colonies in Thailand. Apidologie 21,311–321.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ritter, W. (1981) Varroa disease of the honeybee Apis mellifera.Bee World 62, 141–153.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ritter, W. & De Jong, D. (1984) Reproduction of Varroa jacobsoni O. in Europe, the Middle East and tropical South America.Zeitschrift für Angewandte Entomologie 98, 55–57.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rosenkranz, P., Tewarson, N.C., Rachinsky, A., Strambi, A., Strambi, C. & Engels, W. (1993a) Juvenile hormone titer and reproduction of Varroa jacobsoni in capped brood stages of Apis cerana indica in comparison to Apis mellifera ligustica. Apidologie 24, 375–382.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rosenkranz, P., Tewarson, N.C., Singh, A. & Engels, W. (1993b) Differential hygienic behaviour towards Varroa jacobsoni in capped worker brood of Apis cerana depends on alien scent adhering to the mites. Journal of Apicultural Research 32, 89–93.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ruttner, F. (1988) Biogeography and taxonomy of honeybees. 284 pp. Berlin, Springer Verlag.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
SAS Institute Inc. (1989) SAS/STAT" User's Guide, Version 6. 4th edn„, Vol. 1. 934 pp. Cary NC, USA, SAS Institute Inc.Google Scholar
Schulz, A.E. (1984) Reproduktion und Populationsentwicklung der parasitischen Milbe Varroa jacobsoni Oud. in Abhängigkeit vom Brutzyclus ihres Wirtes Apis mellifera L. Apidologie 15, 401–420.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Steiner, J., Dittmann, F., Rosenkranz, P. & Engels, W. (1994) The first gonocycle of the parasitic mite (Varroa jacobsoni) in relation to preimaginal development of its host, the honey bee (Apis mellifera carnica). Invertebrate Reproduction and Development 25, 175–183.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tan, N.Q., Huan, L.V. & Dung, N.V. (1993) Development time of eggs, open brood and capped brood of Apis cerana and Apis mellifera in southern Vietnam. pp. 243–248in Conner, L.J., Rinderer, T., Sylvester, H.A. & Wongsiri, S. (Eds ) Asian apiculture. Cheshire CT, USA, Wicwas Press.Google Scholar
Tewarson, N.C., Singh, A. & Engels, W. (1992) Reproduction of Varroa jacobsoni in colonies of Apis cerana indica under natural and experimental conditions. Apidologie 23, 161–171.CrossRefGoogle Scholar