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The poinsettia strain of the cotton whitefly, Bemisia tabaci (Homoptera: Aleyrodidae), biological and demographic parameters on poinsettia (Euphorbia pulcherrima) in relation to temperature

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  10 July 2009

A. Enkegaard
A. Enkegaard*
Affiliation:
Department of Pest Management, Research Centre for Plant Protection, Lyngby, Denmark
*
A. Enkegaard, Department of Pest Management, Research Centre for Plant Protection, Lottenborgvej 2, DK-2800 Lyngby, Denmark.
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Abstract

Biological characteristics of the poinsettia strain of Bemisia tabaci Gennadius were investigated on poinsettia by laboratory experiments at five temperatures (range: 16°C–28°C). In addition, the effect of rearing B. tabaci on the two plant species, Nicotiana tabacum (tobacco) (Solanaceae) and Euphorbia pulcherrima (Euphorbiaceae) (poinsettia) was investigated. The temperature-dependencies were established for the developmental time for eggs and egg-to-adult phase, juvenile mortality, adult female life-span, pre-oviposition period, age-specific fecundity, and sex-ratio. The lower temperature thresholds for egg-development, development from egg to adult and for ovipositional adults were estimated as well as the lower temperature threshold for oviposition. The thresholds were 12°C, 14°C, 8°C and 14°C, respectively. Egg-development required 126 day-degrees and the entire development into adults 327 day-degrees. Mortality was highest at 16°C, being 19.3% in the egg-stage and 95% from egg to adult. The pre-oviposition period and the adult life-span were 40 and 360 day-degrees. The age-specific fecundity of B. tabaci was described by a temperature-dependent model. The maximum daily fecundity rate was attained after 60 and 125 day-degrees for B. tabaci reared on tobacco and poinsettia, respectively. The fecundity was highest for B. tabaci reared on poinsettia. The sex-ratio was in favour of females at and above 19°C and increased with temperature. Estimates of the net reproductive rate, the intrinsic rate of increase, the finite rate of increase, the mean generation time and the doubling time were obtained. A positive linear relationship was found between rm and temperature, the values ranging from 0.0012 at 16°C to 0.1263 at 28°C.

Type
Original Articles
Information
Bulletin of Entomological Research , Volume 83 , Issue 4 , December 1993 , pp. 535 - 546
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 1993

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