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Phenological diversity in the interactions between winter moth (Operophtera brumata) larvae and parasitoid wasps in sub-arctic mountain birch forest

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  08 June 2011

O.P.L. Vindstad ,
S.B. Hagen ,
J.U. Jepsen ,
L. Kapari ,
T. Schott  and
R.A. Ims
O.P.L. Vindstad*
Affiliation:
Department of Arctic and Marine Biology, University of Tromsø, N-9037 Tromsø, Norway
S.B. Hagen
Affiliation:
Department of Arctic and Marine Biology, University of Tromsø, N-9037 Tromsø, Norway Bioforsk Soil and Environment, Svanhovd, N-9925 Svanvik, Norway
J.U. Jepsen
Affiliation:
Department of Arctic and Marine Biology, University of Tromsø, N-9037 Tromsø, Norway NorwegianInstitute for Nature Research, Fram Centre, N-9296 Tromsø, Norway
L. Kapari
Affiliation:
Department of Arctic and Marine Biology, University of Tromsø, N-9037 Tromsø, Norway
T. Schott
Affiliation:
Department of Arctic and Marine Biology, University of Tromsø, N-9037 Tromsø, Norway
R.A. Ims
Affiliation:
Department of Arctic and Marine Biology, University of Tromsø, N-9037 Tromsø, Norway
*
*Authors for correspondence Fax: +47 77646020 E-mail: [email protected]
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Abstract

Population cycles of the winter moth (Operophtera brumata) in sub-arctic coastal birch forests show high spatiotemporal variation in amplitude. Peak larval densities range from levels causing little foliage damage to outbreaks causing spatially extensive defoliation. Moreover, outbreaks typically occur at or near the altitudinal treeline. It has been hypothesized that spatiotemporal variation in O. brumata cycle amplitude results from climate-induced variation in the degree of phenological matching between trophic levels, possibly between moth larvae and parasitoids. The likelihood of mismatching phenologies between larvae and parasitoids is expected to depend on how specialized parasitoids are, both as individual species and as a guild, to attacking specific larval developmental stages (i.e. instars). To investigate the larval instar-specificity of parasitoids, we studied the timing of parasitoid attacks relative to larval phenology. We employed an observational study design, with sequential sampling over the larval period, along an altitudinal gradient harbouring a pronounced treeline outbreak of O. brumata. Within the larval parasitoid guild, containing seven species groups, the timing of attack by different groups followed a successional sequence throughout the moth's larval period and each group attacked 1–2 instars. Such phenological diversity within parasitoid guilds may lower the likelihood of climate-induced trophic mismatches between victim populations and many/all of their enemies. Parasitism rates declined with increasing altitude for most parasitoid groups and for the parasitoid guild as a whole. However, the observed spatiotemporal parasitism patterns provided no clear evidence for or against altitudinal mismatch between larval and parasitoid phenology.

Keywords

Operophtera brumataaltitudinal gradientpopulation cycle amplitudemismatchguildclimate
Type
Research Paper
Information
Bulletin of Entomological Research , Volume 101 , Issue 6 , December 2011 , pp. 705 - 714
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2011

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