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Novel use of stir bar sorptive extraction (SBSE) as a tool for isolation of oviposition site attractants for gravid Culex quinquefasciatus

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  23 March 2009

C. Carson ,
M.A. Birkett ,
J.G. Logan ,
K. Mawa ,
H.V. Pates ,
J.A. Pickett ,
R.T. Rwegoshora ,
P.K. Tungu  and
M.M. Cameron
C. Carson*
Affiliation:
Department of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, LondonWC1E 7HT, UK
M.A. Birkett
Affiliation:
Centre for Sustainable Pest and Disease Management, Biological Chemistry Department, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, UK
J.G. Logan
Affiliation:
Centre for Sustainable Pest and Disease Management, Biological Chemistry Department, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, UK
K. Mawa
Affiliation:
National Institute for Medical Research, Amani Medical Research Centre, Muheza, Tanga, United Republic of Tanzania
H.V. Pates
Affiliation:
National Institute for Medical Research, Amani Medical Research Centre, Muheza, Tanga, United Republic of Tanzania
J.A. Pickett
Affiliation:
Centre for Sustainable Pest and Disease Management, Biological Chemistry Department, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, UK
R.T. Rwegoshora
Affiliation:
National Institute for Medical Research, Amani Medical Research Centre, Muheza, Tanga, United Republic of Tanzania
P.K. Tungu
Affiliation:
National Institute for Medical Research, Amani Medical Research Centre, Muheza, Tanga, United Republic of Tanzania
M.M. Cameron
Affiliation:
Department of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, LondonWC1E 7HT, UK
*
*Author for correspondence Fax: +44 (0)24 7652 4619 E-mail: [email protected]
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Abstract

Mosquitoes such as Culex quinquefasciatus Say (Diptera: Culicidae) are important vectors of organisms that cause disease in humans. Research into the development of effective standardized odour baits for blood-fed females (oviposition attractants), to enable entomological monitoring of vector populations, is hampered by complex protocols for extraction of physiologically active volatile chemicals from natural breeding site water samples, which have produced inconsistent results. Air entrainment and solvent extraction are technically demanding methods and are impractical for use in resource poor environments where mosquito-borne disease is most prevalent. This study reports the first use of a simple, robust extraction technique, stir bar sorptive extraction (SBSE), to extract behaviourally active small lipophilic molecules (SLMs) present in water samples collected from Cx. quinquefasciatus breeding sites in Tanzania. Extracts from a pit latrine and from a cess pool breeding site attracted more gravid Cx. quinquefasciatus in pair choice bioassays than control extracts, and coupled gas chromatography-electroantennography (GC-EAG) allowed tentative identification of 15 electrophysiologically active chemicals, including the known oviposition attractant, skatole (3-methylindole). Here, we have demonstrated, using simple pair choice bioassays in controlled laboratory conditions, that SBSE is effective for the extraction of behaviourally and electrophysiologically active semiochemicals from mosquito breeding site waters. Further research is required to confirm that SBSE is an appropriate technique for use in field surveys in the search for oviposition cues for Cx. quinquefasciatus.

Keywords

Culex quinquefasciatusovipositionSBSEsemiochemicalelectroantennography
Type
Research Paper
Information
Bulletin of Entomological Research , Volume 100 , Issue 1 , February 2010 , pp. 1 - 7
Copyright
Copyright © 2009 Cambridge University Press

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