Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-g8jcs Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-01T04:09:24.008Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Morphology, distribution, and the role of trichomes in cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) resistance to the legume pod borer, Maruca testulalis (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae)

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  10 July 2009

S. Oghiakhe ,
L.E.N. Jackai ,
W.A. Makanjuola  and
C.J. Hodgson
S. Oghiakhe*
Affiliation:
International Institute of Tropical Agriculture, Ibadan, Nigeria
L.E.N. Jackai
Affiliation:
International Institute of Tropical Agriculture, Ibadan, Nigeria
W.A. Makanjuola
Affiliation:
Zoology Unit, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Lagos, Nigeria
C.J. Hodgson
Affiliation:
Department of Biochemistry and Biological Sciences, Wye College, University of London, Ashford, Kent, TN 25 5AH, UK.
*
Dr S. Oghiakhe, International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology (ICIPE), Crop Pests Research Programme, P.O. Box 30, Mbita, South Nyanza District, Kenya.
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Studies on the morphology and distribution, and the role of trichomes in damage to cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) by the legume pod borer Maruca testulalis (Geyer) showed that trichome cover on individual cultivars varied in trichome length and density, but not in trichome type from different plant parts. Trichome density on different parts decreased with increasing plant age. Significant (P <0.05) negative correlations were obtained between total trichome density on pods, pod infestation and damage severity. In contrast, correlations between length of non-glandular trichomes on pods, pod infestation and damage severity were not significant. Results suggest that trichome length may be less important than density in reducing pod damage by M. testulalis in cultivated cowpeas. It is, therefore, concluded that breeding for a higher level of trichomes in high yielding and agronomically desirable cowpea cultivars, will serve as an important component in the integrated management of M. testulalis.

Type
Original Articles
Information
Bulletin of Entomological Research , Volume 82 , Issue 4 , December 1992 , pp. 499 - 505
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 1992

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Beck, S.D.. (1965) Resistance of plants to insects. Annual Review of Entomology 10, 207–232.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Benedict, J.H., Leigh, T.F. & Hyer, A.H. (1983) Lygus hesperus (Heteroptera: Miridae) oviposition behaviour, growth, and survival in relation to cotton trichome density. Environmental Entomology 12, 331–335.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Benson, L. (1957) Plant classification. 688 pp. Boston XIV, D.C. Health and Company.Google Scholar
Callahan, P.S. (1957) Oviposition response of the corn earworm to differences in surface texture. Journal of the Kansas Entomological Society 30, 59–63.Google Scholar
Carter, C.I. (1982) Susceptibility of Tilia species to the aphid Eucallipterus tiliae, Proceedings of the 5th International Symposium on Insect-Plant Relationships, Wageningen, pp. 421–423.Google Scholar
Chiang, H.S. & Singh, S.R. (1988) Pod hairs as a factor in Vigna vexillata resistance to the pod sucking bug, Clavigralla to mentosicolis. Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata 47, 195–199.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ditman, L.P. & Cory, E.N. (1933) Corn earworm in studies. University of Maryland Agricultural Experiment Station Bulletin 348, 525–543.Google Scholar
Gallun, R.L., Roberts, J.J., Finny, R.E. & Patterson, F.L. (1973) Leaf pubescence of field grown wheat: a deterrent to oviposition by the cereal leaf beetle. Journal of Environmental Quality 2, 333–334.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gilbert, L.E. (1971) Butterfly plant co-evolution: has Passiflora adenopoda won the selectional race with heliconiine butterflies. Science 172, 585–586.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gregory, P., Ave, D.A., Bouthyette, P.Y. & Tingey, W.M.. (1986) Insect defensive chemistry of potato glandular trichomes. pp. 173–183in Juniper, B. & Southwood, T.R.E. (Eds) Insect and the plant surface. 360 pp. London, Edward Arnold.Google Scholar
Hattori, M. & Sato, A. (1983) Substrate factors involved in oviposition response of the Limabean pod borer, Etiella zinckenella Treitshke (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae). Applied Entomology and Zoology 18, 50–56.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jackai, L.E.N. (1983) Efficacy of insecticide application at different times of day against the legume pod borer, Maruca testulalis. Annals of the Entomological Society of America 74, 402–408.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jackai, L.E.N. & Oghiakhe, S. (1989) Pod wall trichomes and their role in the resistance of two wild cowpea, Vigna vexillata, accessions to Maruca testulalis Geyer (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) and Clavigralla tomentosicollis, Stål (Hemiptera: Coreidae). Bulletin of Entomological Research 79, 595–605.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jackai, L.E.N., & Singh, S.R. (1988) Screening techniques for host plant resistance to cowpea insect pests. Tropical Grain legume Bulletin 35, 2–18.Google Scholar
Jermy, T. (1984) Evolution of insect/host plant relationships. American Naturalist 124, 609–630.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Johnson, B. (1956) The influence on aphids of glandular hairs of tomato plants. Plant Pathology 5, 131–132.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Johnson, H.B. (1975) Plant pubescence: an ecological perspective. The Botanical Review 41 (3), 233–258.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Leuck, D.B., Burton, G.W. & Widstrom, N.W. (1977) Insect oviposition and foliage feeding resistance in pearl millet. Journal of the Georgia Entomological Society 12(2), 138–140.Google Scholar
Levin, D.A. (1973) The role of trichomes in plant defense. Quarterly Review of Biology 48, 3–15.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lukefahr, M.J., Houghtaling, J.E. & Graham, H.M. (1971) Suppression of Heliothis populations with glabrous cotton strains. Journal of Economic Entomology 64, 486–489.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lyman, J.M. & Cardona, C. (1982) Resistance in lima beans Phaseolus lunatus to a leafhopper Empoasca kraemeri. Journal of Economic Entomology 75, 281–286.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
McKinney, K.B. (1938) Physical characteristics of the foliage of beans and tomatoes tend to control small insect pests. Journal of Economic Entomology 31, 630–631.Google Scholar
Maxwell, F.G. & Jennings, P.R. (1980) Breeding plants resistant to insects. 683 pp. New York, John Wiley and Sons.Google Scholar
Navasero, R.C. & Ramaswamy, S.B. (1991) Morphology of leaf surface trichomes and its influence on egg laying by Heliothis virescens. Crop Science 31, 342–353.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Oghiakhe, S. (1990) Resistance screening, biology and behaviour of Maruca testulalis Geyer (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) on cowpea, Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp. PhD Thesis, University of Lagos, Nigeria.Google Scholar
Painter, R.H. (1951) Insect resistance in crop plants. 520 pp. New York, Macmillan.Google Scholar
Pathak, M.D. & Saxena, R.C. (1980) Breeding approaches in rice. pp. 422–455in Maxwell, F.G. & Jennings, P.R. (Eds). Breeding plants resistant to insects. New York, Wiley.Google Scholar
Poos, F.W. & Smith, F.F. (1931) A comparison of oviposition and nymphal development of Empoasca fabae (Harris) on different host plants. Journal of Economic Entomology 24, 361–371.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ramaswamy, S.B. (1988) Host finding by moths: sensory modalities and behaviours. Journal of Insect Physiology 34, 235–249.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ramaswamy, S.B., Ma, W.K. & Baker, G.T. (1987) Sensory cues and receptors for oviposition by Heliothis virescens. Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata 43, 159–168.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rodriguez, E., Healey, P.L. & Mehta, I. (1968) Biology and chemistry of plant trichomes. 255 pp. New York, Plenum press.Google Scholar
Salifu, A.B. (1986) Studies on aspects of the biology of the flower thrips Megalurothrips sjostedti (Trybom) with particular reference to resistance in its host cowpea Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp. PhD Thesis, Wye College, University of London.Google Scholar
Southwood, T.R.E. (1986) Plant surfaces and insects – an overview. pp. 1–22in Juniper, B. & Southwood, T.R.E. (Eds) Insects and the plant surface. 360 pp. London, Edward Arnold.Google Scholar
Stephens, S.G.. (1959) Laboratory studies of feeding and oviposition preferences of Anthonomus grandis Boh. Journal of Economic Entomology 52, 390–396.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Stephens, S.G. & Lee, H.S. (1961) Further studies on the feeding and oviposition preferences of the boll weevil (Anthonomous grandis). Journal of Economic Entomology 54, 1085–1090.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Thurston, R. (1970) Toxicity of trichome exudates of Nicotiana and Petunia species of tobacco hornworm larvae. Journal of Economic Entomology 63, 272–274.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Thurston, R., Smith, W.T. & Cooper, B.P. (1966) Alkaloid secretion by trichomes of Nicotiana species and resistance to aphids. Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata 9, 428–432.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Webster, J.A. (1975) Association of plant hairs and insect resistance. An annotated bibliography. USDA-ARS Miscellaneous Publication. United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service 1297.Google Scholar
Webster, J.A., Gage, S.H. & Smith, D.H. (1973) Suppression of the cereal leaf beetle with resistant wheat. Journal of Environmental Entomology 2, 1089–1091.CrossRefGoogle Scholar