Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-jn8rn Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-31T17:20:22.394Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Insecticide sprays, natural enemy assemblages and predation on Asian citrus psyllid, Diaphorina citri (Hemiptera: Psyllidae)

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  15 May 2014

C. Monzo ,
J.A. Qureshi  and
P.A. Stansly
C. Monzo*
Affiliation:
Entomology and Nematology Department, University of Florida/IFAS, Southwest Florida Research and Education Center, Immokalee, FL, USA
J.A. Qureshi
Affiliation:
Entomology and Nematology Department, University of Florida/IFAS, Southwest Florida Research and Education Center, Immokalee, FL, USA
P.A. Stansly
Affiliation:
Entomology and Nematology Department, University of Florida/IFAS, Southwest Florida Research and Education Center, Immokalee, FL, USA
*
*Author for correspondence Phone: +1 239 658 3400 E-mail: [email protected]
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

The Asian citrus psyllid (ACP), Diaphorina citri Kuwayama is considered a key citrus pest due to its role as vector of ‘huanglongbing’ (HLB) or citrus greening, probably the most economically damaging disease of citrus. Insecticidal control of the vector is still considered a cornerstone of HLB management to prevent infection and to reduce reinoculation of infected trees. The severity of HLB has driven implementation of intensive insecticide programs against ACP with unknown side effects on beneficial arthropod fauna in citrus agroecosystems. We evaluated effects of calendar sprays directed against this pest on natural enemy assemblages and used exclusion to estimate mortality they imposed on ACP populations in citrus groves. Predator exclusion techniques were used on nascent colonies of D. citri in replicated large untreated and sprayed plots of citrus during the four major flushing periods over 2 years. Population of spiders, arboreal ants and ladybeetles were independently assessed. Monthly sprays of recommended insecticides for control of ACP, adversely affected natural enemy populations resulting in reduced predation on ACP immature stages, especially during the critical late winter/early spring flush. Consequently, projected growth rates of the ACP population were greatest where natural enemies had been adversely affected by insecticides. Whereas, this result does not obviate the need for insecticidal control of ACP, it does indicate that even a selective regimen of sprays can impose as yet undetermined costs in terms of reduced biological control of this and probably other citrus pests.

Keywords

conservation biological controlhuanglongbingpopulation growth ratepredator exclusionside effects
Type
Research Paper
Information
Bulletin of Entomological Research , Volume 104 , Issue 5 , October 2014 , pp. 576 - 585
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2014 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Amalin, D.M., Peña, J.E., Yu, S.J. & McSorley, R. (2000) Selective toxicity of some pesticides to Hibana velox (Araneae: Anyphaenidae), a predator of citrus leafminer. Florida Entomologist 83, 254–262.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bajwa, W.I. & Aliniazee, M.T. (2001) Spider fauna in apple ecosystem of western Oregon and its field susceptibility to chemical and microbial insecticides. Journal of Economic Entomology 94, 68–75.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Belasque, J., Bassanezi, R.B., Yamamoto, P.T., Ayres, A.J., Tachibana, A., Violante, A.R., Tank, A., Di Giorgi, F., Tersi, F.E.A., Menezes, G.M., Dragone, J., Jank, R.H. & Bove, J.M. (2010) Lessons from hunglongbing management in Sao Paulo State, Brazil. Journal of Plant Pathology 92, 285–302.Google Scholar
Biondi, A., Mommaerts, V., Smagghe, G., Viñuela, E., Zappala, L. & Desneux, N. (2012) The non-target impact of spinosyns on beneficial arthropods. Pest Management Science 68, 1523–1536.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Bove, J. (2006) Huanglongbing: a destructive, newly-emerging, century-old disease of citrus. Journal of Plant Pathology 88, 7–37.Google Scholar
Chen, S. (1962) The oldest practice of biological control: the culture and efficacy of Oecophylla smaragdina Fabr. in orange orchards. Acta Entomologica Sinica 11, 401–407.Google Scholar
Desneux, N., Decourtye, A. & Delpuech, J.-M. (2007) The sublethal effects of pesticides on beneficial arthropods. Annual Review of Entomology 52, 81–106.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Duelli, P. (1980) Preovipository migration flights in the green lacewing, Chrysopa carnea (Planipennia, Chrysopidae). Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology 7, 239–246.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fountain, M.T., Brown, V.K., Gange, A.C., Symondson, W.O.C. & Murray, P.J. (2007) The effects of the insecticide chlorpyrifos on spider and Collembola communities. Pedobiologia 51, 147–158.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Giolo, F.P., Medina, P., Grützmacher, A.D. & Viñuela, E. (2009) Effects of pesticides commonly used in peach orchards in Brazil on predatory lacewing Chrysoperla carnea under laboratory conditions. Biocontrol 54, 625–635.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Grafton-Cardwell, E.E., Stelinski, L.L. & Stansly, P.A. (2013) Biology and management of Asian citrus psyllid, vector of the huanglongbing pathogens. Annual Review of Entomology 58, 413–432.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hagen, K.S., Mills, N.J., Gordh, G. & McMurtry, J.A. (1999) Terrestrial arthropod predators of insects and mite pests. pp. 383–504in Bellows, T.S. & Fisher, T.W. (Eds) Handbook of Biological Control: Principles and Applications of Biological Control. San Diego, CA, Academic Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Halbert, S. (2005) The discovery of huanglongbing in Florida. in Proceedings of the Second International Citrus Canker and Huanglongbing Research Workshop. 7–11 November 2005, Orlando, FL.Google Scholar
Hall, D.G., Hentz, M.G. & Ciomperlik, M.A. (2007) A comparison of traps and stem tap sampling for monitoring adult Asian citrus psyllid (Hemiptera: Psyllidae) in citrus. Florida Entomologist 90, 327–334.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hassan, S.A., Bigler, F., Bogenschutz, H., Boller, E., Brun, J., Calis, J.N.M., Coremans-Pelseneer, J., Duso, C., Grove, A., Heimbach, U.J., Helyer, N., Hokkanen, H., Lewis, G.B., Mansour, F., Moreth, L., Polgar, L., Samsoe-Petersen, L., Sauphanor, B., Staubli, A., Sterk, G., Vainio, A., Van De Veire, M., Viggiani, G. & Vogt, H. (1994) Results of the sixth joint pesticide testing programme carried out by the IOBC/WPRS – working group “pesticides and beneficial organisms”. Entomophaga 39, 107–119.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Henderson, C.F. (1955) Tests with acaricides against the brown wheat mite. Journal of Economic Entomology 48, 157–161.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hodges, A.W. & Spreen, T.H. (2012) Economic impacts of citrus greening (HLB) in Florida, 2006/07–2010/11. EDIS FE903, 1–6.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jackson, L.K. (1999) Citrus Growing in Florida. Gainesville, FL, University of Florida Press, p. 408.Google Scholar
Larsen, A. & Philpott, S.M. (2010) Twig – nesting ants: the hidden predators of the coffee berry borer in Chiapas, Mexico. Biotropica 42, 342–347.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mansour, F. & Nentwig, W. (1988) Effects of agrochemical residues on four spider taxa: laboratory methods for pesticide tests with web-building spiders. Phytoparasitica 16, 317–326.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mansour, F., Rosen, D. & Shulov, A. (1980) A survey of spider populations (Araneae) in sprayed and unsprayed apple orchards in Israel and their ability to feed on larvae of Spodoptera littoralis (Boisd.). Acta Oecologica/Oecologia Applicata 1, 189–197.Google Scholar
McCoy, C.W., Nigg, H.N., Timmer, L.W., Futch, S.H. & Rogers, M.E. (2009) Florida Citrus Pest Management Guide: Use of Pesticides in Citrus IPM. Entomology and Nematology Department, Florida Cooperative Extension Service, Institute of Food and Agricultural Science, Electronic Data Information Source (University of Florida), http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/CG035CPMG-03.Google Scholar
McEwen, P.K., New, T.R. & Whittington, A.E. (2007) Lacewings in the Crop Environment. Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Michaud, J.P. (2001) Numerical response of Olla v-nigrum (Mulsant) (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) to infestations of Asian citrus psyllid (Hemiptera: Psyllidae) in Florida. Florida Entomologist 84, 608–612.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Michaud, J.P. (2004) Natural mortality of Asian citrus psyllid (Homoptera : Psyllidae) in central Florida. Biological Control 29, 260–269.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Michaud, J.P. & Grant, A.K. (2003) IPM-compatibility of foliar insecticides for citrus: indices derived from toxicity to beneficial insects from four orders. Journal of Insect Science 3, 1–18.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Pekar, S. (1999) Effect of IPM practices and conventional spraying on spider population dynamics in an apple orchard. Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment 73, 155–166.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pekar, S. (2002) Susceptibility of the spider Theridion impressum to 17 pesticides. Journal of Pest Science 75, 51–55.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pekar, S. (2012) Spiders (Araneae) in the pesticide world: an ecotoxicological review. Pest Management Science 38, 1438–1446.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Porcel, M., Ruano, F., Cotes, B., Peña, A. & Campos, M. (2013) Agricultural management systems affect the green lacewing community (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae) in olive orchards in Southern Spain. Environmental Entomology 42, 97–106.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Pree, D.J. & Hagley, E.A.C. (1985) Toxicity of pesticides to chrysopa oculata say (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae). Journal of Economic Entomology 78, 129–132.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Qureshi, J.A. & Stansly, P.A. (2007) Integrated approaches for managing the Asian citrus psyllid Diaphorina citri (Homoptera: Psylidae) in Florida. Proceedings of the Florida State Horticultural Society 120, 110–115.Google Scholar
Qureshi, J.A. & Stansly, P.A. (2008) Rate, placement and timing of aldicarb applications to control Asian citrus psyllid, Diaphorina citri Kuwayama (Hemiptera: Psyllidae), in oranges. Pest Management Science 64, 1159–1169.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Qureshi, J.A. & Stansly, P.A. (2009) Exclusion techniques reveal significant biotic mortality suffered by Asian citrus psyllid Diaphorina citri (Hemiptera: Psyllidae) populations in Florida citrus. Biological Control 50, 129–136.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Qureshi, J.A. & Stansly, P.A. (2010) Dormant season foliar sprays of broad-spectrum insecticides: an effective component of integrated management for Diaphorina citri (Hemiptera: Psyllidae) in citrus orchards. Crop Protection 29, 860–866.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Qureshi, J.A., Rogers, M.E., Hall, D.G. & Stansly, P.A. (2009) Incidence of invasive Diaphorina citri (Hemiptera: Psyllidae) and its introduced parasitoid Tamarixia radiata (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) in Florida citrus. Journal of Economic Entomology 102, 247–256.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Riechert, S.E. & Lockley, T. (1984) Spiders as biological control agents. Annual Review of Entomology 29, 299–320.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rogers, M.E., Stansly, P.A. & Stelinski, L.L. (2012) 2012 Florida Citrus Pest Management Guide: Asian Citrus Psyllid and Citrus Leafminer. Florida Cooperative Extension Service, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, Electronic Data Information Source (University of Florida) ENY734/IN686.Google Scholar
Schuster, D.J. & Stansly, P.A. (2000) Response of two lacewing species to biorational and broad-spectrum insecticides. Phytoparasitica 28, 297–304.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Shivankar, V.J., Rao, C.N. & Shyam, S. (2000) Studies on citrus psylla, Diaphorina citri Kuwayama: a review. Agricultural Reviews 21, 199–204.Google Scholar
Stansly, P.A., Arevalo, H.A., Qureshi, J.A., Jones, M.M., Hendricks, K., Roberts, P.D. & Roka, F.M. (2013) Vector control and foliar nutrition to maintain economic sustainability of bearing citrus in Florida groves affected by huanglongbing. Pest Management Science 70, 415–426. doi: 10.1002/ps.3577.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Sunderland, K. (1999) Mechanisms underlying the effects of spiders on pest populations. Journal of Arachnology 27, 308–316.Google Scholar
Symondson, W.O.C., Sunderland, K.D. & Greenstone, M.H. (2002) Can generalist predators be effective biocontrol agents? Annual Review of Entomology 47, 561–594.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Xiao, Y., Qureshi, J.A. & Stansly, P.A. (2007) Contribution of predation and parasitism to mortality of citrus leafminer Phyllocnistis citrella Stainton (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae) populations in Florida. Biological Control 40, 396–404.CrossRefGoogle Scholar