Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-dsjbd Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-26T03:52:46.734Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Influence of temperature on larval defecation and its use in estimating canopy population size of pine sawflies (Hymenoptera: Diprionidae)

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  10 July 2009

J. Simandl
J. Simandl*
Affiliation:
Institute of EntomologyCzech Academy of Sciences, České Budĕjovice, Czech Republic
*
Dr Jiří Simandl, Institute of Entomology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Branišovská 31, 370 05 České Budĕjovice, Czech Republic.
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

The frequency of defecation in relation to constant0/simulated outdoor temperatures and larval age (instar) was examined under laboratory conditions in four species of pine sawflies (Diprionidae): Gilpinia frutetorum (Fabricius), Diprion pini (Linnaeus), D. similis (Hartig) and Macrodiprion nemoralis (Enslin). Defecation interval and total faecal production was regular under higher constant temperatures (higher production in younger instars, second and third) and production significantly decreased under varying air temperatures during the same period (24 hours) when larvae of younger instars were influenced more by lower temperatures. The influence of larval age (instar) on faecal production was insignificant if larvae were exposed to varying temperatures during 24 hours. Faecal production and temperature were positively correlated in each of the four species and instars tested, as well as in total (all the test species and instars combined). Implications of the results for estimating canopy larval density by frass-drop measurements in the field are briefly discussed.

Type
Original Articles
Information
Bulletin of Entomological Research , Volume 83 , Issue 2 , June 1993 , pp. 245 - 249
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 1993

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Carlisle, A., Brown, A.H.F. & White, E.J. (1966) Litter fall, leaf production and the effects of defoliation by Tortrix viridiana in a sessile oak (Quercus petraea) woodland. Journal of Ecology 54, 65–85.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Eckstein, K. (1938) Die Bewertung des Kotes der Nonnenraupe, Psilura monacha L., als Grundlage für die Feststellung ihres Auftretens und der zu ergreifenden Massregeln. Allgemeine Forst-und Jagdzeitung 114, 132–148.Google Scholar
Friden, F. (1958) Frass-drop frequency in Lepidoptera. 158 pp. Uppsala, Sweden, Almquist & Wiksells.Google Scholar
Gösswald, K. (1934) Über die Frasstätigkeit von Forstschädlingen under dem Einfluss von Altersuntercheiden und der Einwirkung verschiedener Temperature und Luftfeuchtigkeit und ihre praktische und physiologische Bedeutung. Zeitschrift für angewandte Entomologie 21, 183–207.Google Scholar
Gosz, J.R., Likens, G.E. & Bormann, F.H. (1972) Nutrient content of litter fall on the Hubbard Brook experimental forest, New Hampshire. Ecology 53, 769–784.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Green, G.W. & DeFreitas, A.S. (1955) Frass drop studies of larvae of Neodiprion americanus banksianae Roh. and N. lecontei (Fitch) (Hymenoptera, Diprionidae). Canadian Entomologist 87, 427–439.Google Scholar
Jensen, T.S. (1989) Latency characteristics of tussock moths (Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae). pp. 155–169in Wallner, E.E. (Ed.) Comparison of features of new and old world tussock moths (Lymantriidae). Connecticut. Academic Press, Inc.Google Scholar
Knerer, G. (1984) Diprionid sawflies: biological topics and rearing techniques (Hymenoptera, Symphyta). Bulletin of the Entomological Society of America 30, 53–57.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Larsson, S. & Tenow, O. (1980) Needle-eating insects and grazing dynamics in a mature Scots pine forest in Central Sweden. pp. 269–306in Persson, T. (Ed.) Structure and function of northern coniferous forests - an ecosystem study. Ecological Bulletin (Stockholm), 32.Google Scholar
Liebhold, A.M. & Elkinton, J.S. (1988a) Techniques for estimating the density of late-instar gypsy moth, Lymantria dispar (Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae), populations using frass drop and frass production measurements. Environmental Entomology 17, 381–384.Google Scholar
Liebhold, A.M. & Elkinton, J.S. (1988b) Estimating the density of larval gypsy moth, Lymantria dispar (Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae), using frass drop and frass production measurements: sources of variation and sample size. Environmental Entomology 17, 385–390.Google Scholar
Monthly Weather Reports (1984–1988) Vol. XXII.-XXVI., no. 4–10, Institute of Hydrometeorology, Prague.Google Scholar
Morris, R.F. (1949) Frass-drop measurement in studies of the European spruce sawfly. Bulletin of the University of Michigan School of Forestry and Conservation, no. 12, 58 pp.Google Scholar
Nilsson, I. (1978) The influence of Dasychira pudibunda (Lepidoptera) on plant nutrient transports and tree growth in a beech Fagus sylvatica forest in southern Sweden. Oikos 30, 133–148.Google Scholar
Reichle, D.E. & Crossley, D.A. Jr. (1967) Investigation on heterotrophic productivity in forest insect communities. pp. 563–587in Petruszewicz, K. (Ed.) Secondary productivity of terrestrial ecosystems, principles and methods. Vol. 2. Warszawa-Krakow, Panstwowe Wydawnictwo Naukowe.Google Scholar
Schroeder, L.A. (1978) Consumption on black cherry leaves by phytophagous insects. American Midland Naturalist 100, 294–306.Google Scholar
Schwerdtfeger, F. (1930) Beobachtungen und Untersuchungen zur Biologie und Bekämpfung des Kiefernspanners während des Frassjahres 1929 in der Letzlinger Heide. Zeitschrift für Forst-und Jagdwessen 62, 65–93.Google Scholar
Simandl, J. (1989) Seasonal changes in the synusia of pine sawflies (Hym., Diprionidae) during their latency. Journal of Applied Entomology 108, 217–226.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wilson, L.F. & Gerrard, D.J. (1971) A new procedure for rapidly estimating European pine sawfly (Hymenoptera, Diprionidae) population levels in young pine plantation. Canadian Entomologist 103, 1315–1322.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Zhang, X., Xiao, G., Lu, C. & Li, T. (1986) Studies on relationship between the frass-drop of the pine caterpillar as well as the related factors and population density. Scientia Silvae Sinicae 22, 252–259. (In Chinese).Google Scholar