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Geographical variation in larval susceptibility of the diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae) to Bacillus thuringiensis spore–crystal mixtures and purified crystal proteins and associated resistance development in India

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  09 March 2007

M. Mohan  and
G.T. Gujar
M. Mohan
Affiliation:
Division of Entomology, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110 012, India
G.T. Gujar*
Affiliation:
Division of Entomology, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110 012, India
*
*Fax: 0091 11 5766420 E-mail: [email protected]
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Abstract

The susceptibility of larvae of the diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella Linnaeus to purified crystal proteins and spore–crystal preparations of Bacillus thuringiensis was investigated for 13 populations from seven states in India. The LC50 (μg ml−1, 48 h) values of Cry proteins for different populations of P. xylostella ranged from 0.14–3.74 (Cry1Aa), 0.007–1.25 (Cry1Ab), 0.18–2.47 (Cry1Ac) and 0.12 – 3.0 (Cry1C). The LC50 (mg (ai) l-1, 48 h) of spore-crystal preparations ranged from 0.02–0.98 (HD-1) and 0.06–2.14 (HD-73). Significantly higher LC50 values for all tested toxins and strains were obtained with populations collected from Iruttupallam and Ottanchathiram in the southern state of Tamil Nadu, whereas some of the populations collected from the northern part of India were more susceptible than the susceptible IARI 17–65 population. The high levels of resistance in the Iruttupallam and Ottanchathiram populations to Cry1Ab suggested selection pressure by Cry1Ab, which is the predominant toxin in B. thuringiensis formulations used in India. Cry1Ab was found to be more toxic than the other toxins. The population from Iruttupallam showed increased resistance following selection with Cry1Ab in the laboratory (LC50 from 1.25 to 4.31 μg ml−1 over two generations) and also showed cross resistance to Cry1Aa and Cry1Ac. The resistance to Biobit® in the field population from Iruttupallam declined slowly; requiring c. 33 generations for an overall 10-fold decline in LC50 when the insects were reared in the laboratory without exposure to B. thuringensis.

Type
Research Article
Information
Bulletin of Entomological Research , Volume 92 , Issue 6 , December 2002 , pp. 489 - 498
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2002

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