Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-gbm5v Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-22T18:08:53.811Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Geographic distribution and abundance of the Afrotropical subterranean scale insect Stictococcus vayssierei (Hemiptera: Stictococcidae), a pest of root and tuber crops in the Congo basin

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  01 October 2019

Armand R. P. F. Doumtsop Open the ORCID record for Armand R. P. F. Doumtsop [Opens in a new window] ,
Rachid Hanna ,
Maurice Tindo ,
Willy K. Tata-Hangy ,
Apollin K. Fotso ,
Komi K. M. Fiaboe ,
Abraham Fomena ,
Adolph Kemga  and
Benjamin B. Normark
Armand R. P. F. Doumtsop*
Affiliation:
International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA), P.O. Box 2008, Messa-Yaounde, Cameroon Department of Animal Biology and Physiology, Faculty of Science, University of Yaounde I, P.O. Box 812, Yaounde, Cameroon
Rachid Hanna
Affiliation:
International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA), P.O. Box 2008, Messa-Yaounde, Cameroon
Maurice Tindo
Affiliation:
Department of Animal Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Douala, P.O. Box 24157, Douala, Cameroon
Willy K. Tata-Hangy
Affiliation:
IITA, 4163, Av. Haut Congo, C/Gombe, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo
Apollin K. Fotso
Affiliation:
International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA), P.O. Box 2008, Messa-Yaounde, Cameroon
Komi K. M. Fiaboe
Affiliation:
International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA), P.O. Box 2008, Messa-Yaounde, Cameroon
Abraham Fomena
Affiliation:
Department of Animal Biology and Physiology, Faculty of Science, University of Yaounde I, P.O. Box 812, Yaounde, Cameroon
Adolph Kemga
Affiliation:
International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA), P.O. Box 2008, Messa-Yaounde, Cameroon
Benjamin B. Normark
Affiliation:
Department of Biology and Graduate Program in Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, 221 Morrill Science Center III, University of Massachusetts, 611 North Pleasant Street, Amherst, MA01003, USA
*
Author for correspondence: Armand R. P. F. Doumtsop, E-mail: [email protected]
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Stictococcus vayssierei is a major pest of root and tuber crops in central Africa. However, data on its ecology are lacking. Here we provide an updated estimate of its distribution with the aim of facilitating the sustainable control of its populations. Surveys conducted in nine countries encompassing 13 ecological regions around the Congo basin showed that African root and tuber scale was present in Cameroon, Central African Republic, Congo, Democratic Republic of Congo, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon and Uganda. It was not found on the sites surveyed in Chad and Nigeria. The pest occurred in the forest and the forest-savannah mosaic as well as in the savannah where it was never recorded before. However, prevalence was higher in the forest (43.1%) where cassava was the most infested crop, compared to the savannah (9.2%) where aroids (cocoyam and taro) were the most infested crops. In the forest habitat, the pest was prevalent in all but two ecological regions: the Congolian swamp forests and the Southern Congolian forest-savanna mosaic. In the savannah habitat, it was restricted to the moist savannah highlands and absent from dry savannahs. The scale was not observed below 277 m asl. Where present, the scale was frequently (87.1% of the sites) attended by the ant Anoplolepis tenella. High densities (>1000 scales per plant) were recorded along the Cameroon–Gabon border. Good regulatory measures within and between countries are required to control the exchange of plant materials and limit its spread. The study provides information for niche modeling and risk mapping.

Keywords

Anoplolepis tenellaantCentral Africacocoyamniche modelingscale insect
Type
Research Paper
Information
Bulletin of Entomological Research , Volume 110 , Issue 2 , April 2020 , pp. 293 - 301
Check for updates
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2019

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

Footnotes

*

Present address: Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Maroua, P.O. Box 814, Maroua, Cameroon.

†

Present address: Institute of the Environment and Sustainability, Center for Tropical Research, Congo Basin Institute, Box 951496, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA, USA.

References

Ambe, JT, Ntonifor, NN, Awah, ET and Yaninek, JS (1999) The effect of planting dates on the incidence and population dynamics of the cassava root scale, Stictococcus vayssierei, in Cameroon. International Journal of Pest Management 45, 125–130.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bani, G, Mapangou Divassa, S, Nzemba, MD and Magem, JM (2003) Présence au Congo-Brazzaville de Stictococcus vayssierei Richard, ravageur du manioc (Manihot esculenta Crantz) (Hem., Stictococcidae). Bulletin de la Société Entomologique de France 108, 529–530.Google Scholar
Baskauf, SJ (2003) Factors influencing population dynamics of the southwestern corn borer (Lepidoptera: Crambidae): a reassessment. Environmental Entomology 32, 915–928.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Battisti, A and Larsson, S (2015) Climate change and insect pest distribution range. In Bjorkman, C and Niemela, P (eds), Climate Change and Insect Pests. CAB International, Wallingford, UK. pp. 1–15.Google Scholar
Cerritos, R, Wegier, A and Alavez, V (2012) Toward the development of novel long-term pest control strategies based on insect ecological and evolutionary dynamics. In Soloneski, S (ed.), Integrated Pest Management and Pest Control – Current and Future Tactics. InTech, Rijeka, Croatia. pp. 35–62. Available at http://www.intechopen.com/books.Google Scholar
Dejean, A and Matile-Ferrero, D (1996) How a ground-nesting ant species favors the proliferation of an endemic scale insect (Hymenoptera: Formicidae; Homoptera: Stictococcidae). Sociobiology 28, 183–195.Google Scholar
Delabie, JHC (2001) Trophobiosis between formicidae and hemiptera (Sternorrhyncha and Auchenorrhyncha): an overview. Neotropical Entomology 30, 501–516.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dicko, AH, Lancelot, R, Seck, MT, Guerrini, L, Sall, B, Lo, M, Vreysen, MJB, Lefrançois, T, Fonta, WM, Peck, SL and Bouyera, J (2014) Using species distribution models to optimize vector control in the framework of the tsetse eradication campaign in Senegal. Proceedings of the National Academy of Science of the USA 111, 10149–10154.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
FAO (2016) FAOSTAT Statistics databases; annual production of root and tuber crops in Africa. Available at http://www.fao.org/faostat/en (Accessed May 2018).Google Scholar
Fermont, AM, van Asten, PJA, Tittonell, P, van Wijk, MT and Giller, KE (2009) Closing the cassava yield gap: an analysis from smallholder farms in East Africa. Field Crops Research 112, 24–36.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fotso, KA (2011) Towards the Development of Sustainable Control Options for the African Root and Tuber Scale on Cassava in Central Africa: Understanding the Biology and Ecology of the Tending Ant Anoplolepis Tenella (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). PhD dissertation, Basel.Google Scholar
Fotso, KA, Hanna, R, Tindo, M, Nanga, S and Nagel, P (2015 a) Ant diversity in dominant vegetation types of southern Cameroon. Biotropica 47, 94–100.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fotso, AK, Hanna, R, Tindo, M and Nagel, P (2015 b) Transport and dispersal of Stictococcus vayssierei (Hemiptera, Stictococcidae) by Anoplolepis tenella (Hymenoptera, Formicidae). Journal of Insect Behavior 28, 426–435.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fotso, AK, Hanna, R, Tindo, M, Doumtsop, A and Nagel, P (2015 c) How plants and honeydew-producing hemipterans affect ant species richness and structure in a tropical forest zone. Insectes Sociaux 62, 443–453.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Godard, A and Tabeaud, M (2009) Les climats: mécanismes, variabilité, répartition. Paris: Armand Colin.Google Scholar
Graziosi, I and Wyckhuys, KAG (2017) Integrated management of arthropod pests of cassava: the case of Southeast Asia. In Hershey, C (ed.), Achieving Sustainable Cultivation of Cassava, vol II. Cambridge: Burleigh Dodds, pp. 1–26.Google Scholar
Hanna, R, Tindo, M, Wijnans, L, Goergen, G, Tata-Hangy, KW, Lema, K, Toko, M, Ngeve, JM, Dixon, A and Gockowski, J (2004) The African root and tuber scale problem in Central Africa: the nature of the problem and the search for control options. Book of Abstracts of the 9th Triennial Symposium of the International Society for Tropical Root Crops – Africa Branch, 31 October–5 November 2004. Mombasa, Kenya, p. 57.Google Scholar
Hanna, R, Fotso, KA, Nanga, NS, Tindo, M and Nagel, P (2015) Boric acid for suppression of the ant Anoplolepis tenella and effects on an associated scale insect pest Stictococcus vayssierei in cassava fields in the Congo basin. Crop Protection 74, 131–137.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hansen, AK and Moran, NA (2014) The impact of microbial symbionts on host plant utilization by herbivorous insects. Molecular Ecology 23, 1473–1496.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Janssens, M (2001) Plantes à racines et plantes à tubercules: manioc. In Raemaekers, RH (ed.), Agriculture en Afrique tropicale. Bruxelles: DGCI, pp. 194–218.Google Scholar
Kenyon, L, Anandajayasekeram, P and Ochieng, C (2006) A synthesis/lesson-learning study of the research carried out on root and tuber crops commissioned through the DFID RNRRS research programmes between 1995 and 2005. Retrieved from http://r4d.dfid.gov.uk/PDF/Outputs/Root_Tuber_research_synthesis_P1.pdf.Google Scholar
Lebot, V (2009) Tropical Root and Tuber Crops: Cassava, Sweet Potato, Yams and Aroids. Wallingford: CAB International.Google Scholar
Lema, KM, Tata-Hangy, K, Bidiaka, M and Ndambi, N (2000) Distribution, importance et dynamique des populations de la cochenille radicole du manioc (Stictococcus vayssierei, Homoptera: Stictococcidae) en Republique Democratique du Congo. Annales de la Faculté des Sciences Agronomiques, Universite de Kinshasa 1, 40–49.Google Scholar
Leonardo, TE and Muiru, GT (2003) Facultative symbionts are associated with host plant specialization in pea aphid populations. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological Sciences 270, 209–212.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Lutete, D, Tata-Hangy, K and Kasu, T (1997) Présence au Zaïre de Stictococcus vayssierei (Homoptera, Stictococcidae), un ravageur du manioc (Manihot esculenta). Journal of African Zoology 111, 3–7.Google Scholar
Macfadyen, S, Mcdonald, G and Hill, MP (2018) From species distributions to climate change adaptation: knowledge gaps in managing invertebrate pests in broad-acre grain crops. Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment 253, 208–219.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nanga, NS (2005) Entomopathogenic Fungi Associated with Stictococcus vayssierei Richard (Homoptera, Sticticoccidae), a Pest of Cassava: Collection, Identification, and Pathogenicity. MSc thesis, University of Dschang. Dschang, Cameroon.Google Scholar
Ngeve, JM (1995) Outbreak of a new tuberous root mealybug (Stictococcus vayssierei) [Homoptera: Stictococcidae] of cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) in Cameroon. Proceedings of the 6th Symposium of the International Society for Tropical Root Crop-Africa Branch. Lilongwe, Malawi, ISTRC-AB, p. 15.Google Scholar
Ngeve, JM (2003) The cassava root mealybug (Stictococcus vayssierei Richard) (Homoptera: Stictococcidae): a threat to cassava production and utilization in Cameroon. International Journal of Pest Management 49, 327–333.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ngo Kanga, F, Waeyenberge, L, Hauser, S and Moens, M (2012) Distribution of entomopathogenic nematodes in Southern Cameroon. Journal of Invertebrate Pathology 109, 41–51.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nonveiller, G (1984) Catalogue des insectes du Cameroun d'interêt agricole. Beograd: Institut pour la Protection des Plantes, Mémoires XV.Google Scholar
Nwanze, KF (1982) Relationships between cassava root yields and crop infestations by the mealybug, Phenacoccus manihoti. Tropical Pest Management 28, 27–32.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Olson, DM and Dinerstein, E (1998) The global 200: a representation approach to conserving the earth's most biologically valuable ecoregions. Conservation Biology 12, 502–515.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Richard, C (1971) Contribution à l'étude morphologique et biologique des Stictococcinae [Hom. Coccoidea]. Annales de la Société Entomologique de France 7, 571–609.Google Scholar
Schulthess, F, Baumgartner, JU, Delucchi, V and Gutierrez, AP (1991) The influence of the cassava mealybug, Phenacoccus manihoti Mat.-Ferr. (Hom., Pseudococcidae) on yield formation of cassava, Manihot esculenta Crantz. Journal of Applied Entomology 111, 155–165.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Scott, GJ, Rosegrant, MW and Ringler, C (2000) Roots and tubers for the 21st century: trends, projections, and policy options. Food, Agriculture, and the Environment Discussion Paper 31. Lima, International Food Policy Research Institute and International Potato Center.Google Scholar
Tata-Hangy, K., Hanna, R., Toko, M., Lema, K.M. and Solo, M. (2006) Changes in population abundance of the African root and tuber scale Stictococcus vayssierei Richard (Homoptera; Stictococcidae) on cassava in the bas-fleuve district in the Democratic Republic of Congo. In Mahungu, NM and Manyong, VM (eds), Advances in Root and Tuber Crops Technologies for Sustainable Food Security, Improved Nutrition, Wealth and Environmental Conservation in Africa. Proceedings of 9th ISTRC-AB Symposium. ISTRC-AB, Mombassa, Kenya, pp. 574–582.Google Scholar
Tchuanyo, M, Van Huis, A and Van Lenteren, JC (2000) Distribution, incidence and abundance of the cassava brown root scale insect, Stictococcus vayssierei in Cameroon. Tropical Science 40, 20–24.Google Scholar
Thancharoen, A, Lankaew, S, Moonjuntha, P, Wongphanuwat, T, Sangtongpraow, B and Ngoenklan, R (2018) Effective biological control of an invasive mealybug pest enhances root yield in cassava. Journal of Pest Science 91, 1199–1211.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tindo, M, Hanna, R, Goergen, G, Zapfack, L, Tata-Hangy, K and Attey, A (2009) Host plants of Stictococcus vayssierei Richard (Stictococcidae) in non-crop vegetation in the Congo basin and implications for developing scale management options. International Journal of Pest Management 55, 339–345.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tittonell, P and Giller, KE (2013) When yield gaps are poverty traps: the paradigm of ecological intensification in African smallholder agriculture. Field Crops Research 143, 76–90.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Toko, M, Neuenschwander, P, Yaninek, JS, Ortega-Beltran, A, Fanou, A, Zinzou, V, Wydra, KD, Hanna, R, Fotso, A and Kpindou, D (2019) Identifying and managing plant health risks for key African crops: cassava. In Neuenschwander, P and Tamo, M (eds), Critical Issues in Plant Health: 50 Years of Research in African Agriculture. Cambridge, UK: Burleigh Dodds Science Publishing, pp. 1–21.Google Scholar
Westby, A (2002) Cassava utilization, storage and small-scale processing. In Hillocks, RJ, Thresh, JM and Bellotti, AC (eds), Cassava: Biology, Production and Utilization. CAB International, Wallingford, UK. pp. 281–300.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Williams, DJ, Matile-Ferrero, D and Miller, DR (2010) A study of some species of the genus Stictococcus cockerell (Hemiptera: Sternorrhyncha: Coccoidea: Stictococcidae), and a discussion on Stictococcus vayssierei Richard, a species injurious to cassava in Equatorial Africa with a description of a new species from Nigeria. Zootaxa 27, 1–27.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
WWF (2010) World Wildlife Fund – Global 200 (terrestrial) Ecoregions. Available at http://worldwildlife.org/publications/global-200 (updated in 2015).Google Scholar
Xu, J, Lin, KK and Liu, SS (2010) Performance on different host plants of an alien and an indigenous Bemisia tabaci from China. Journal of Applied Entomology 135, 771–779.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Supplementary material: File

Doumtsop et al. supplementary material

Doumtsop et al. supplementary material 1

Download Doumtsop et al. supplementary material(File)
File 15.9 KB
Supplementary material: File

Doumtsop et al. supplementary material

Doumtsop et al. supplementary material 2

Download Doumtsop et al. supplementary material(File)
File 15.9 KB