Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-rcrh6 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-23T02:02:08.407Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Genetic differentiation in Scottish populations of the pine beauty moth, Panolis flammea (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  09 March 2007

A.J. Lowe ,
B.J. Hicks ,
K. Worley ,
R.A. Ennos ,
J.D. Morman ,
G. Stone  and
A.D. Watt
A.J. Lowe
Affiliation:
Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Edinburgh Research Station, Bush Estate, Penicuik, Midlothian, EH26 0QB, Scotland, UK School of Integrative Biology, University of Queensland, Brisbane Qld 4072, Australia
B.J. Hicks*
Affiliation:
College of the North Atlantic, 4 Pike's Lane, Carbonear, Newfoundland, Canada, A1Y 1A7
K. Worley
Affiliation:
Institute of Evolutionary Biology, School of Biology, The Kings Buildings, West Mains Road, Edinburgh, EH9 3JT, Scotland, UK
R.A. Ennos
Affiliation:
Institute of Evolutionary Biology, School of Biology, The Kings Buildings, West Mains Road, Edinburgh, EH9 3JT, Scotland, UK
J.D. Morman
Affiliation:
Institute of Evolutionary Biology, School of Biology, The Kings Buildings, West Mains Road, Edinburgh, EH9 3JT, Scotland, UK
G. Stone
Affiliation:
Institute of Evolutionary Biology, School of Biology, The Kings Buildings, West Mains Road, Edinburgh, EH9 3JT, Scotland, UK
A.D. Watt
Affiliation:
Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Banchory Research Station, Hill of Brathens, Banchory, AB31 4BY, Scotland, UK
*
*Fax: +01 709 596 2688 E-mail: [email protected]
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Pine beauty moth, Panolis flammea (Denis & Schiffermüller), is a recent but persistent pest of lodgepole pine plantations in Scotland, but exists naturally at low levels within remnants and plantations of Scots pine. To test whether separate host races occur in lodgepole and Scots pine stands and to examine colonization dynamics, allozyme, randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) and mitochondrial variation were screened within a range of Scottish samples. RAPD analysis indicated limited long distance dispersal (FST = 0.099), and significant isolation by distance (P < 0.05); but that colonization between more proximate populations was often variable, from extensive to limited exchange. When compared with material from Germany, Scottish samples were found to be more diverse and significantly differentiated for all markers. For mtDNA, two highly divergent groups of haplotypes were evident, one group contained both German and Scottish samples and the other was predominantly Scottish. No genetic differentiation was evident between P. flammea populations sampled from different hosts, and no diversity bottleneck was observed in the lodgepole group. Indeed, lodgepole stands appear to have been colonized on multiple occasions from Scots pine sources and neighbouring populations on different hosts are close to panmixia.

Keywords

allozymescolonizationdispersalhost-shiftmitochondrial DNAPanolis flammeaPinus sylvestrisPinus contortaRAPD
Type
Research Article
Information
Bulletin of Entomological Research , Volume 95 , Issue 6 , December 2005 , pp. 517 - 526
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2005

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Abrahamson, W.G., Eubanks, M.D., Blair, C.P. & Whipple, A.V. (2001) Gall flies, inquilines, and goldenrods: a model for host-race formation and sympatric speciation. American Zoologist 41, 928–938Google Scholar
Barbour, D.A. (1987) Pine beauty moth population dynamics. General considerations and life-table work. pp. 7–13 in Leather, S.R., Stoakley, J.T. & Evans, H.F. (Eds) Population biology and control of the pine beauty moth. Forestry Commission Bulletin 67 London, HMSO.Google Scholar
Bennett, K.D. (1995) Post-glacial dynamics of pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) and pinewoods in Scotland. pp. 23–29 in Aldous, J.R. (Ed) Our pinewood heritage. Glasgow, Bell and Bain.Google Scholar
Berlocher, S.H. & Feder, J.L. (2002) Sympatric speciation in phytophagous insects: moving beyond controversy. Annual Review of Entomology 47, 773–815CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Butlin, R.K. (1989) Reinforcement of premating isolation. pp. 158–179in Otte, D. & Endler, J.A. (Eds) Speciation and its consequences. Sunderland, Massachusetts, Sinauer Associates.Google Scholar
Butlin, R.K. & Ritchie, M.G. (1994) Behaviour and speciation. pp. 43–79 in Slater, P.J.B. & Halliday, T.R. (Eds) Behaviour and evolution. Cambridge, Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Cheliak, W.M. & Pital, J.A. (1984) Techniques for starch gel electrophoresis on enzymes from forest tree species pp. 49 Information report D1-X-42, Petawawa National Forestry Institute, Canadian Forest Service.Google Scholar
Clayton, J.W. & Tretiak, D.N. (1972) Amine-citrate buffers for pH control in starch gel electrophoresis. Journal of the Fisheries Research Board of Canada 29, 1169–1172CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Day, K.R. & Leather, S.R. (1997) Threats to forestry by insect pests in Europe. pp. 177–205in Watt, A.D., Stork, N.E. & Hunter, M.D. (Eds) Forest and insects. London, Chapman and Hall.Google Scholar
Dieckmann, U. & Doebeli, M. (1999) On the origin of species by sympatric speciation. Nature 400, 354–357CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Dres, M. & Mallet, J. (2002) Host races in plant–feeding insects and their importance in sympatric speciation. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London Series B 357, 471–492CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Emelianov, I., Mallet, J. & Baltensweiler, W. (1995) Genetic differentiation in Zeiraphera diniana (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae, the larch budmoth): polymorphism, host race or sibling species. Heredity 75, 416–424CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ennos, R.A., Sinclair, W.T. & Perks, M.T. (1997) Genetic insights into the evolution of Scots pine, Pinus sylvestris L., in Scotland. Botanical Journal of Scotland 49, 257–265CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Excoffier, L., Smouse, P.E. & Quattro, J.M. (1992) Analysis of molecular variance inferred from metric distances among DNA haplotypes: application to human mitochondrial DNA restriction data. Genetics 131, 479–491CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Felsenstein, J. (1995) PHYLIP (Phylogeny Inference Package) Version 3.5c. Executables for 386/486/Pentium Windows systems, University of WashingtonGoogle Scholar
Filchak, K.E., Roethele, J.B. & Feder, J.L. (2000) Natural selection and sympatric divergence in the apple maggot Rhagoletis pomonella. Nature 404, 739–742Google Scholar
Forrest, G.I. (1980) Genotypic variation among native Scots pine populations in Scotland based on monoterpene analysis. Forestry 53, 101–128CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hasegawa, M., Kishino, H. & Yano, T. (1985) Dating the human-ape splitting by a molecular clock of mitochondrial DNA. Journal of Molecular Evolution 22, 160–174Google Scholar
Hicks, B.J., Barbour, D.A., Evans, H.F., Heritage, S., Leather, S.R., Milne, R. & Watt, A.D. (2001) The history and control of the pine beauty moth, Panolis flammea (D. and S.), (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in Scotland from 1976 to 2000. Agricultural and Forest Entomology 3, 161–168CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Huff, D.R., Peakall, R. & Smouse, P.E. (1993) RAPD variation within and among natural populations of outcrossing buffalograss [Buchloë dactyloides (Nutt.) Engelm]. Theoretical and Applied Genetics 86, 927–934CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Jaenike, J. & Holt, R.D. (1991) Genetic variation for habitat preference: evidence and explanations. American Naturalist 137, S67–S90Google Scholar
Kinloch, B.B., Westfall, R.D. & Forrest, G.I. (1986) Caledonian Scots pine: origins and genetic structure. New Phytologist 104, 703–729CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kirkpatrick, M., Ravigne, V. (2002) Speciation by natural selection: models and experiments. American Naturalist 159, S22–S35CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Klimetzek, D. (1979) Insekten-Großchädlinge an Kiefer in Nordbayern und der Pfalz: Analyse und Vergleich 1810–1970. Freiburger Waldschutz Abhandlungen 2, 1–173Google Scholar
Kondrashov, A.S. & Kondrashov, F.A. (1999) Interactions among quantitative traits in the course of sympatric speciation. Nature 400, 351–354Google Scholar
Lines, R. (1976) The development of forestry in Scotland in relation to the use of Pinus contorta. pp. 2–5in Lines, R. (Ed.) Pinus contorta Provenance studies. Forestry Commission Research and Development Paper 114, Edinburgh.Google Scholar
Lowe, A.J., Wilson, J., Gillies, A.C.M. & Dawson, I. (2000) Conservation genetics of bush mango from central/west Africa, implications from RAPD analysis. Molecular Ecology 9, 831–841Google Scholar
Loxdale, H.D. & Lushai, G. (1998) Molecular markers in entomology. Bulletin of Entomological Research 88, 577–600Google Scholar
Lynch, M. & Milligan, B.G. (1994) Analysis of population genetic structure with RAPD markers. Molecular Ecology 3, 91–99CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Metcalfe, P. (1997) Molecular dynamics of the winter moth in Scotland. PhD thesis, Aberdeen University.Google Scholar
Miller, M.P. (1997) Tools for population genetic analysis (TFPGA) v. 1.3. Computer software, Utah State UniversityGoogle Scholar
Nei, M. (1973) Analysis of gene diversity in subdivided populations. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the USA 70, 3321–3332CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Nei, M. (1978) Estimation of average heterozygosity and genetic distance from a small number of individuals. Genetics 89, 583–590CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Posada, D. & Crandall, K.A. (1998) Modeltest: testing the models of DNA substitution. Bioinformatics 14, 817–818Google Scholar
Rokas, A., Atkinson, R.J., Webster, L. & Stone, G.N. (2003) Out of Anatolia: longitudinal gradients in genetic diversity support a Turkish origin for a circum-mediterranean gallwasp Andricus quercustozae. Molecular Ecology 12, 2153–2174Google Scholar
Schwenke, W. (1978) Die Forstschädlinge. Europas, Berlin Verlag Paul Parey.Google Scholar
Simon, C., Frati, F., Beckenbach, A.T., Crespi, B., Liu, H. & Flook, P. (1994) Evolution, Weighting and phylogenetic utility of mitochondrial gene sequences and a compilation of conserved polymerase chain reaction primers. Annals of the Entomological Society of America 87, 651–701Google Scholar
Sinclair, W.T., Mormon, J.D. & Ennos, R.A. (1999) The postglacial history of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) in western Europe: evidence from mitochondrial DNA variation. Molecular Ecology 8, 83–88CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Stewart, J.R. (2003) Comment on buffered tree population changes in a quaternary refugium: evolutionary implications. Science 299, 825CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Stoakley, J.T. (1977) A severe outbreak of the pine beauty moth on lodgepole pine in Sutherland. Scottish Forestry 31, 113–125Google Scholar
Stone, G.N., Atkinson, R., Rokas, A., Csóka, G. & Nieves-Aldrey, J.-L. (2001) Differential success in northwards range expansion between ecotypes of the marble gallwasp Andricus kollari: a tale of two lifecycles. Molecular Ecology 10, 761–778Google Scholar
Swofford, D.L. (1998) PAUP* 4.0-Phylogenetic Analysis Using Parsimony (*and other methods) Sunderland, Massachusetts Sinauer AssociatesGoogle Scholar
Swofford, D.L. & Selander, R.S. (1981) BIOSYS-1. A computer program for the analysis of allelic variation in geneticsl. Urbana University of Illinois, Urbana.Google Scholar
Thompson, J.D., Higgins, D.G. & Gibson, T.J. (1994) CLUSTAL-W: improving the sensitivity of progressive multiple sequence alignment through sequence weighting, position-specific gap penalties and weight matric choice. Nucleic Acids Research 22, 4673–4680CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tregenza, T. & Butlin, R.K. (1999) Speciation without isolation. Nature 400, 311–312CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Vekemans, X., Beauwens, T., Lamaire, M. & Roldan-Ruiz, I. (2002) Data from amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) markers show indication of size homoplasy and of a relationship between degree of homoplasy and fragment size. Molecular Ecology 11, 139–151Google Scholar
Via, S. (2001) Sympatric speciation in animals: the ugly duckling grows up. Trends in Ecology and Evolution 16, 381–390Google Scholar
Wainhouse, D. & Jukes, M.R. (1997) Geographic variation within populations of Panolis flammea (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in Britain. Bulletin of Entomological Research 87, 95–99CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Watt, A.D. & Leather, S.R. (1988) The pine beauty in Scottish lodgepole pine plantations. pp. 243–266in Berryman, A.A. (Ed.) Dynamics of forest insect populations. New York, Plenum Press.Google Scholar
Watt, A.D., Leather, S.R. & Stoakley, J.T. (1989) Site susceptibility, population development and dispersal of the pine beauty moth in a lodgepole pine forest in northern Scotland. Journal of Applied Ecology 26, 147–157CrossRefGoogle Scholar