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Effects of the malathion-bait mixture used on citrus to control Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann) (Diptera: Tephritidae) on the Florida red scale, Chrysomphalus aonidum (L.) (Hemiptera: Diaspididae), and its parasitoid Aphytis holoxanthus DeBach (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae)

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  10 July 2009

Ephraim Cohen ,
Haggai Podoler  and
Muhamad El-Hamlauwi
Ephraim Cohen
Affiliation:
Department of Entomology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Faculty of Agriculture, Rehovot 76 100, Israel
Haggai Podoler
Affiliation:
Department of Entomology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Faculty of Agriculture, Rehovot 76 100, Israel
Muhamad El-Hamlauwi
Affiliation:
Department of Entomology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Faculty of Agriculture, Rehovot 76 100, Israel
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Abstract

Examples of Chrysomphalus aonidum (L.) from which the scale covers had been removed, were about six times as sensitive to malathion as intact insects (LC50s of 0·09% and 0·55%, respectively). These results indicate that the scale cover probably absorbed part of the insecticide. Immature stages of the external parasitoid Aphytis holoxanthus DeBach on C. aonidum were not affected by 0·13% malathion applied to the host. However, adults of the parasitoid, which were extremely susceptible, were exposed before or during emergence to lethal levels of the insecticide present in the host scale cover. The findings are discussed in the light of the adverse effects of malathion-bait sprays applied against Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann) on beneficial insects, and failures of biological control of scale pests on citrus in Israel.

Type
Original Articles
Information
Bulletin of Entomological Research , Volume 77 , Issue 2 , June 1987 , pp. 303 - 307
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 1987

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