Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-fscjk Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-22T19:22:43.492Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Cold hardiness of laboratory-maintained and seasonally-collected populations of the black bean aphid, Aphis fabae Scopoli (Hemiptera: Aphididae)

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  10 July 2009

Rose O'Doherty
Rose O'Doherty
Affiliation:
Department of Pure and Applied Zoology, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

The cold hardiness of Aphis fabae Scopoli was assessed by determining the ability of individual aphids to supercool. All stages of A. fabae maintained parthenogenetically at 20°C on broad bean (Vicia faba) were capable of extensive supercooling ability to below −20°C; first- and secondinstar nymphs were the most cold hardy individuals. First instars and adult apterae of A. fabae collected from natural summer populations on broad bean and sugarbeet in England showed levels of supercooling similar to that of laboratory-maintained aphids. Compared to aphids on herbaceous hosts, all those associated with the woody host, spindle (Euonymus europaeus), showed a substantially poorer ability to supercool, often to less than −15°C, both in the autumn (oviparae) and spring (fundatrices and fundatrigeniae). All samples of eggs supercooled to below −30°C, becoming fully acclimatized in mid-winter, and lost supercooling potential prior to hatching in spring. The influence of feeding on woody and herbaceous plants on the cold hardiness of A. fabae was confirmed in a series of host-plant transfer experiments in which aphids that were transferred to bean from spindle acquired good levels of supercooling and then lost over 10°C of supercooling potential when transferred back to spindle. The shift from poor (spindle-associated) to good (bean-associated) supercooling was more difficult to achieve and suggested the presence of a nucleator in the spindle sap.

Type
Original Articles
Information
Bulletin of Entomological Research , Volume 76 , Issue 3 , September 1986 , pp. 367 - 374
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 1986

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Auclair, J. L. (1963). Aphid feeding and nutrition.—A. Rev. Ent. 8, 439–490.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bale, J. S., O'Doherty, R., Atkinson, H. J. & Stevenson, R. A. (1984). An automatic thermoelectric cooling method and computer-based recording system for supercooling point studies on small invertebrates.—Cryobiology 21, 340–347.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gash, A. F. & Bale, J. S. (in press). Host plant influences on supercooling ability of the black-bean aphid Aphis fabae.—Cryo-Letters.Google Scholar
James, B. D. & Luff, M. L. (1982). Cold-hardiness and development of eggs of Rhopalosiphum insertum.—Ecol. Entomol. 7, 277–282.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Krog, J. L., Zachariassen, K. E., Larsen, B. & Smidsrød, O. (1979). Thermal buffering in Afro-alpine plants due to nucleating agent-induced water freezing.—Nature, Lond. 282, 300–301.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
MacPhee, A. W. (1964). Cold-hardiness, habitat and winter survival of some orchard arthropods in Nova Scotia.—Can. Ent. 96, 617–625.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nie, N. H., Hull, C. H., Jenkins, J. G., Steinerenner, K. & Bent, D. H. (1975). Statistical package for the social sciences.—2nd edn, 675 pp. New York, McGraw-Hill.Google Scholar
O'Doherty, R. (1984). Cold hardiness of the peach-potato aphid resistant and susceptible to insecticides.—pp. 148–153 in Crop protection in northern Britain 1984. Proceedings of a conference held at Dundee University 19–22 03 1984.—444 pp. Dundee, Scottish Crop Res. Inst.Google Scholar
O’Doherty, R. (1985). Studies on the cold hardiness of the peach-potato aphid Myzus persicae (Sulzer)—294 pp. Ph.D. thesis, Univ. Leeds.Google Scholar
O’Doherty, R. & Bale, J. S. (1985). Factors affecting the cold hardiness of the peach-potato aphid Myzus persicae.—Ann. appl. Biot. 106, 219–228.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Parry, W. H. (1978). Supercooling of Myzus persicae in relation to gut content.—Ann. appl. Biol. 90, 27–34.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Parry, W. H. (1979). Factors affecting low temperature survival of Cinara pilicornis eggs on Sitka spruce.—Int. J. Biomet. 23, 185–193.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Parry, W. H. (1985). The overwintering of Euceraphis punctipennis eggs on birch in N.E. Scotland.—Cryo-Letters 6, 5–12.Google Scholar
Powell, W. (1974). Supercooling and the low-temperature survival of the green spruce aphid Elatobium abietinum.—Ann. appl. Biol. 78, 27–37.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Powell, W. (1976). Supercooling temperature distribution curves as possible indicators of aphid food quality.—J. Insect Physiol. 22, 595–599.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ring, R. A. (1980). Insects and their cells.—pp. 187–217 in Ashwood-Smith, M. J. & Farrant, J. (Eds.). Low temperature preservation in medicine and biology.—323 pp. London, Pitman Medical.Google Scholar
Salt, R. W. (1953). The influence of food on cold hardiness of insects.—Can. Ent. 85, 261–269.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Salt, R. W. (1958). Cold-hardiness of insects.—Proc. 10th Int. Congr. Ent. 2, 73–77.Google Scholar
Sømme, L. (1964). Effects of glycerol on cold-hardiness in insects.—Can. J. Zool. 42, 87–101.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sømme, L. (1969). Mannitol and glycerol in overwintering aphid eggs.—Norsk ent. Tidsskr. 16, 107–111.Google Scholar
Sømme, L. (1982). Supercooling and winter survival in terrestrial arthropods.—Comp. Biochem. Physiol. (A) 73, 519–543.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sømme, L. & Zachariassen, K. E. (1981). Adaptations to low temperature in high altitude insects from Mount Kenya.—Ecol. Entomol. 6, 199–204.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Way, M. J. & Banks, C. J. (1964). Natural mortality of eggs of the black bean aphid, Aphis fabae Scop., on the spindle tree, Euonymus europaeus L.—Ann. appl. Riol. 54, 255–267.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Way, M. J. & Cammell, M. F. (1973). The problem of pest and disease forecasting—possibilities and limitations as exemplified by work on the bean aphid, Aphis fabae.—pp. 933–954 in Proceedings of the Seventh British Insecticide and Fungicide Conference, 19th to 22nd November 1973, Hotel Metropole, Brighton, England. Vol. 3.—pp. 755–1089. London, Br. Crop Prot. Coun.Google Scholar
Way, M. J. & Cammell, M. E. (1982). The distribution and abundance of the spindle tree, Euonymus europaeus, in southern England with particular reference to forecasting infestations of the black bean aphid, Aphis fabae.—J. appl. Ecol. 19, 929–940.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Williams, C. T. (1984). Overwintering and low temperature biology of cereal aphids.—Ph.D. thesis, Univ. Southampton.Google Scholar
Zachariassen, K. E. (1982). Nucleating agents in cold-hardy insects.—Comp. Biochem. Physiol. (A) 73, 557–562.CrossRefGoogle Scholar