Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-xbtfd Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-05T08:25:50.816Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

The biology of Anopheles claviger (Mg.) (Dipt., Culicidae) in southern England

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  10 July 2009

M. W. Service
Affiliation:
The Nature Conservancy, Monks Wood Experimental Station, Abbots Ripton, Huntingdon, England

Abstract

The biology of Anopheles claviger (Mg.) was studied for a varying number of years in three localities in southern England. The fluctuations in the proportions of the larval instars and pupae were studied by weekly sampling throughout the year. The population overwintered from October to April as pre-adults, and in mid-winter larval development was arrested, but was resumed in March. The construction of a simple life-table showed the existence of a large mortality of immature stages during the overwintering period. Females were sampled at two localities by human bait catches, and at one also by insect suction traps. There was an interval of 1–2 weeks between adult emergences in April and blood-feeding, during which time females apparently fed on sugar solutions. Maximum biting densities of nullipars in May and September showed that A. claviger was bivoltine. The physiological age structure of the population showed that most parous adults at bait had oviposited only once or twice, but a few females had laid four batches. Live Hygrobatid-type mites proved reliable in indicating nulliparity. Mature larvae developed in the eggs 5–7 days after oviposition and while most eggs hatched within the next three days, a few remained unhatched until the 30th day. Females of the second generation (September) laid fewer eggs than those of the first generation (May). About six days were required for blood digestion, and females supplied with sugar were able to live 46 days. The marked delays between successive gonotrophic cycles in natural populations would make parous rates unreliable for the estimation of daily mortalities.

Type
Original Articles
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 1973

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Callot, J. & Ty, D. Van. (1944). Contribution à l'étude des moustiques français culicides de Richelieu (Indre-et-Loire). — Annls Parasit. hum. comp. 20, 4366.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Coluzzi, M. (1960). Alcuni dati morfologici e biologici sulle forme italiane di Anopheles claviger, Meigen. — Riv. Malar. 39, 221235.Google Scholar
Coluzzi, M. (1963). Le forme di Anopheles claviger Meigen indicate con i nomi missirolii e petragnanii sono due specie riproduttivamente isolate. — Atti Accad. naz. Lincei Rc. 32, 10251030.Google Scholar
Coluzzi, M., Saccà, G. & Feliciangeli, D. (1964). Sulla identito delle popolazioni d Anopheles claviger nel medio oriente. — Riv. Parassit. 25, 123128.Google Scholar
Coluzzi, M., Saccà, G. & Feliciangeli, E. D. (1965). Il complesso A. claviger nella sottoregione mediterranea. — Cah. ORSTOM Sér. Entomol. méd. 3 (3/4), 97102.Google Scholar
Corbet, P. S. (1963). The reliability of parasitic water-mites (Hydracarina) as indicators of physiological age in mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae). — Entomologia exp. appl. 6, 215233.Google Scholar
Corbet, P. S. (1970). The use of parasitic water-mites for age-grading female mosquitoes. — Mosquito News 30, 436438.Google Scholar
Detinova, T. S. (1945). Determination of the physiological age of female Anopheles by the changes in the tracheal system of the ovaries. — Medskaya Parazit., Moscow 14, 4549. [In Russian.]Google Scholar
Detinova, D. (1962). Age-grouping methods in Diptera of medical importance with special reference to some vectors of malaria. — Mongr. Ser. W.H.O. 47, 216 pp.Google ScholarPubMed
Dudkina, M. S. (1958). Observations on the ecology of Anopheles bifurcatus in the Lvov region. — Medskaya. Parazit., Moscow 27, 225227. [In Russian.]Google Scholar
Gillett, J. D. (1957). Age analysis in the biting-cycle of the mosquito Taeniorhynchus (Mansonioides) africanus Theobald, based on the presence of parasitic mites. — Ann. trop. Med. Parasit. 51, 151158.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Graham, P. (1969). Age grading of mosquitoes from parasitic mites. — Mosquito News 29, 259260.Google Scholar
Gramiccia, G. (1956). Anopheles claviger in the Middle East. — Bull. Wld Hlth Org. 15, 816821.Google ScholarPubMed
Grundy, J. H. (1945). A list of Anopheles concerned with transmission of disease in man. — Trop. Dis. Bull. 42, 517525.Google Scholar
Hargreaves, E. (1923). Entomological notes from Taranto (Italy) with references to Faenza, during 1917 and 1918. — Bull. ent. Res. 14, 213219.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Harold, C. H. H. (1926). Studies in mosquito bionomics. — Jl R. Army med. Corps 47, 8194.Google Scholar
Kligler, I. J. (1930). The epidemiology and control of malaria in Palestine. — 240 pp. Chicago, University Press.Google Scholar
Kühlhorn, F. (1958). Über den Charakter der sommerlichen Brutbiotope von Anopheles bifurcatus Meig. In Janetschek, H. (Ed.) De Natura tiroliensis. Festschrift für Friedrich Prenn. — 145159. Innsbruck, Universitäts Verlag Wagner. (Schlern Schriften no. 188.)Google Scholar
Kühlhorn, F. (1962). Untersuchungen über die Bedeutung der Vermilbung bei Anopheles. — Int. Congr. Ent. 2, 870874.Google Scholar
Kühlhorn, F. (1963). Populationsdynamische Untersuchungen bei Anopheles messeae Fall. und Anopheles claviger Meig. (Dipt./Culicidae) in Oberbayern. — Z. angew. Zool. 50, 311327.Google Scholar
Kühlhorn, F. (1964). Über das Grössenverteilungsverhalten der Weibchen von Anopheles claviger Meig. im Zusammenhang mit den Temperaturverhältnissen während der Entwicklungsweit in einem oberbayerishen Untersuchungsgebiet (Dipt., Culicidae). — Dt. ent. Z. 11, 413428.Google Scholar
Kühlhorn, F. (1965). Untersuchungen über den Charakter der Brutgewässer von Anopheles claviger (typicus) Mg. 1804 (= bifurcatus Mg. 1818; Dipt.: Culicidae) in Oberbayern. — Riv. Malar. 44, 4993.Google Scholar
Kühlhorn, F. (1966). Über das Verweilverhalten der Weibchen Stechmücken Anopheles messeae Fall. und A. claviger Meig. (Diptera: Culicidae) in Viehställen. — Z. angew. Zool. 53, 197213.Google Scholar
Lachmajer, J. (1971). Biology of Anopheles claviger (Meigen, 1804) populations (Diptera, Culicinae) in the Gdańsk environment. — Acta parasit. pol. 19, 163184.Google Scholar
Lang, W. D. (1918). A map showing the known distribution in England and Wales of the Anopheline mosquitoes, with explanatory text and notes. — 63 pp. London, British Museum (Natural History).Google Scholar
Marshall, J. F. (1938). The British mosquitoes. — 341 pp. London, British Museum (Natural History).Google Scholar
Marshall, J. F. & Staley, J. (1929). A newly observed reaction of certain species of mosquitoes to the bites of larval hydrachnids. Preliminary contribution. — Parasitology 21, 158160.Google Scholar
Muir, D. A. & Keilany, M. (1972). Anopheles claviger Meigen as a malaria vector in Syria. — WHO/MAL 72.757 (Mimeographed document).Google Scholar
Nash, T. A. M., Jordan, A. M. & Boyle, J. A. (1966). A promising method for rearing Glossina austeni (Newst.) on a small scale, based on the use of rabbit's ears for feeding. — Trans. R. Soc. trop. Med. Hyg. 60, 183188.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nesterwodskaja, J. M. (1942). Zur Ökologie von Anopheles claviger (bifurcatus) Meigen im Kiewer Gebiet. — Dt. tropenmed. Z. 46, 538543.Google Scholar
Polovodova, V. P. (1949). Determination of the physiological age of female Anopheles. — Medskaya Parazit., Moscow 18, 352355. [In Russian.]Google Scholar
Service, M. W. (1969). Observations on the ecology of some British mosquitoes. — Bull. ent. Res. 59, 161194.Google Scholar
Service, M. W. (1971a). Flight periodicities and vertical distribution of Aedes cantans (Mg.), Ae. geniculatus (Ol.), Anopheles plumbeus Steph. and Culex pipiens L. (Dipt., Culicidae) in southern England. — Bull. ent. Res. 60, 639651.Google Scholar
Service, M. W. (1971b). Feeding behaviour and host preferences of British mosquitoes. — Bull. ent. Res. 60, 653661.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Service, M. W. (1973a). Flight activities of Chrysops caecutiens L.. — Ann. trop. Med. Parasit. 67, 445454.Google Scholar
Service, M. W. (1973b). Flight activities of mosquitoes with emphasis on host seeking behaviour. In Hudson, A. (Ed.). Biting fly control and environmental quality. Proceedings of a symposium held at the University of Alberta, Edmonton,May 16–18, 1972.125132. Ottawa, Information Canada.Google Scholar
Shute, P. G. (1933). The life-history and habits of British mosquitoes in relation to their control by antilarval operations. — J. trop. Med. Hyg. 36, 8388.Google Scholar
Skierska, B. (1965). Ecological studies of the occurrence of distribution of Culicinae fauna in the coastal forest belt. — Ekol. pol. (Ser. A) 27, 527573.Google Scholar
Stone, A., Knight, K. L. & Starcke, H. (1959). A synoptic catalog of the mosquitoes of the World (Diptera, Culicidae). — 358 pp. Washington, D.C., Entomological Society of America.Google Scholar
Tarwid, K. (1952). An attempt at a characterisation of the association of mosquitoes in the Kampinos forest near Warsaw. — Studia Soc. Sci. torun. (Sect. E) 3, 129.Google Scholar
Viets, K. (1956). Die Milben des Süsswassers und des Meeres, Teil 2–3. Hydrachnellae et Halacaridae (Acari). (Bibliographie, Katalog, Nomenklatur). — 870 pp. Jena, Gustav Fischer.Google Scholar