Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-t7fkt Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-25T05:24:25.377Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

The biology and taxonomy of Hyperaspis pantherina (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) and the classical biological control of its prey, Orthezia insignis (Homoptera: Ortheziidae)

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  10 July 2009

R.G. Booth ,
A.E. Cross ,
S.V. Flower  and
R.H. Shaw
R.G. Booth
Affiliation:
International Institute of Entomology, London, UK
A.E. Cross
Affiliation:
International Institute of Biological Control, Silwood Park, UK
S.V. Flower*
Affiliation:
International Institute of Biological Control, Silwood Park, UK
R.H. Shaw
Affiliation:
International Institute of Biological Control, Silwood Park, UK
*
Dr S. V. Fowler, International Institute of Biological Control, Buckhurst Road, Silwood Park, Ascot, Berks SL5 7TA, UK.
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Between 1908 and 1959, the predatory coccinellid, Hyperaspis pantherina Fürsch, was released for the biological control of the ensign scale Orthezia insignis Browne in Hawaii, four African countries and Peru. Substantial control was reported after all the releases, although the outcome was disputed in Malawi. Other coccinellid species and predatory Diptera were released against Orthezia spp. in various programmes from 1952 to 1977. In most cases these agents failed to establish, and there were no reported effects on the target Orthezia spp. In 1993, H. pantherina was released in St Helena for the control of O. insignis on the endemic gumwood tree, Comm idendrum robustum (Compositae). Preparatory investigations for this release revealed that the taxonomy and biology of this biocontrol agent were poorly known. Hyperaspis pantherina is redescribed and shown to be the correct name for the species previously known incorrectly as H. jocosa (Mulsant). Hyperaspis laeta Gorham and H. levrati (Mulsant) are transferred to the genus Cyra Mulsant (comb. n.). Hyperaspis metator (Casey) (stat. rev.) is resurrected from synonymy with H. levrati auctt. Studies of the life history revealed that H. pantherina normally lays its eggs directly onto the adult female O. insignis and that the first two instars of the larvae are frequently passed inside the ovisac of the female host, after which the host itself is often consumed. The information on the biology and taxonomy of H. pantherina, together with details of culturing methods, should facilitate the further use of this agent for the classical biological control of O. insignis, a pantropical pest.

Type
Original Articles
Information
Bulletin of Entomological Research , Volume 85 , Issue 3 , September 1995 , pp. 307 - 314
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 1995

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

references

Beingolea, O. (1957) Notes on a chamaemyiid (Diptera) predator of the eggs of Orthezia insignis Douglas (Homoptera) in Peru. Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society 52, 118–121.Google Scholar
Booth, R.G. & Pope, R.D. (1989) A review of the type material of Coccinellidae (Coleoptera) described by F.W. Hope, and by E. Mulsant in the Hope Entomological Collections, Oxford. Entomologica Scandinavica 20, 343–370.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Casey, T.L. (1908) Notes on the Coccinellidae. Canadian Entomologist 40, 393–421.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chapin, E.A. (1966) A new species of myrmecophilous Coccinellidae, with notes on other Hyperaspini (Coleoptera). Psyche 73, 278–283.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Clausen, C.P. (Ed.) (1978) Introduced parasites and predators of arthropod pests and weeds: a world review. Agriculture Handbook No. 480. 545 pp. Washington, USA, United States Department of Agriculture.Google Scholar
Cock, M.J.W. (Ed.) (1985) A review of biological control of pests in the Commonwealth Caribbean and Bermuda up to 1982. Technical Communication Commonwealth Institute of Biological Control No. 9. 218 pp. Famham Royal, UK, Commonwealth Agricultural Bureaux.Google Scholar
Commonwealth Institute of Biological Control (1963) Report of work carried out during 1962. 82 pp. Famham Royal, UK, Commonwealth Agricultural Bureaux.Google Scholar
Commonwealth Institute of Biological Control (1975) Report of work carried out during 1974. 105 pp. Farnham Royal, UK, Commonwealth Agricultural Bureaux.Google Scholar
Commonwealth Institute of Biological Control (1976) Report of work carried out during 1975. 103 pp. Famham Royal, UK, Commonwealth Agricultural Bureaux.Google Scholar
Commonwealth Institute of Biological Control (1977) Report of work carried out during 1976. 109 pp. Farnham Royal, UK, Commonwealth Agricultural Bureaux.Google Scholar
Commonwealth Insitute of Biological Control (1978) Report of work carried out January 1977—March 1978. 86 pp. Famham Royal, UK, Commonwealth Agricultural Bureaux.Google Scholar
Cronk, Q.C.B. (1986) The decline of the St Helena gumwood Commidendrum robustum. Biological Conservation 35, 173–186.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Crotch, G.R. (1874) A revision of the coleopterous family Coccinellidae. 311 pp. London, E.W. Janson.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dobzhansky, T. (1941) Beetles of the genus Hyperaspis inhabiting the United States. Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections 101(6), 1–94.Google Scholar
Duverger, C. (1989) Contribution à l'étude des Hyperaspinae. Lère note (Coleoptera, Coccinellidae). Bulletin de la Société linnéenne de Bordeaux 17, 143–157.Google Scholar
Ehrhorn, E.M. (1914) [Notes and Exhibitions]. Proceedings of the Hawaiian Entomological Society 3, 8–9.Google Scholar
Epila, J.S.O. (1986) Aspects of the biology of Orthezia insignis Browne (Ortheziidae: Homoptera) infesting Hamelia sphaerocarpa Ruiz & Pav. (Rubiaceae) in Uganda-I. Life history. Insect Science and its Application 7, 53–59.Google Scholar
Fowler, S.V. (1993) Report on a visit to St Helena, 6–25 June 1993. Report for the St Helena Government. 36 pp. Ascot, UK, International Institute of Biological Control.Google Scholar
Fullaway, D.T. (1920) Natural control of scale insects in Hawaii. Proceedings of the Hawaiian Entomological Society 4, 237–246.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fürsch, H. (1975) Zwei bemerkenswerte Hyperaspis-Arten aus Ostafrika (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae). Senckenbergiana Biologica 56, 43–45.Google Scholar
Gordon, R.D. (1985) The Coccinellidae (Coleoptera) of America north of Mexico. Journal of the New York Entomological Society 93, 1–912.Google Scholar
Gorham, H.S. 1894, 1899 (1887–1899) Erotylidae, Endomychidae and Coccinellidae. Biologia Centrali-Americana. Insecta. Coleoptera 7, 1–276+ 13 plates.Google Scholar
Greathead, D.J. (1971) A review of biological control in the Ethiopian Region. Technical Communication Commonwealth Institute of Biological Control No. 5. 162 pp. Famham Royal, UK, Commonwealth Agricultural Bureaux.Google Scholar
Holland, M.D. (Ed.) (1986) The endemic flora of St Helena. A struggle for survival. Report for the Government of St Helena. 44 pp. Jamestown, St Helena, Government of St Helena.Google Scholar
Kotinsky, J. (1909) Introduction, breeding and distribution of useful insects. Report of the Board of Commissioners of Agriculture and Forestry of the Territory of Hawaii, Honolulu 5, 109–110.Google Scholar
Leeper, J.R. (1976) A review of the Hawaiian Coccinellidae. Proceedings of the Hawaiian Entomological Society 22, 279–306.Google Scholar
Le Pelley, R.H. (1959) Agricultural Insects of East Africa. 307 pp. Nairobi, East Africa High Commission.Google Scholar
Mulsant, E. (1850) Species des coléoptères trimères sécuripalpes. Annales des Sciences Physiques et Naturelles. d'Agriculture et d'Industrie, Lyon (2) 2, 1–1104.Google Scholar
Nsiama She, H.D., Odebiyi, J.A., & Herren, H.R. (1984) The biology of Hyperaspis jucunda (Col.: Coccinellidae) an exotic predator of the cassava mealybug Phenacoccus manihoti (Hom.: Pseudococcidae) in southern Nigeria. Entomophaga 29, 87–93.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Simmonds, F.J. (1973) Report on a visit to St Helena -March 4–23, 1973. 41 pp. Famham Royal, UK, Commonwealth Institute of Biological Control.Google Scholar
Simon, J.E., Gonzales, J.E., Olave, F. & Martin, R.A. (1964) Pests and pesticides in the crop season 1962–3. Boletin Tecnico Ministerio de Agricultura-Lima-Peru 50, 1–48 (Abstracted in Review of Applied Entomology (1965) Series A 53, 300).Google Scholar
Wallace, C.R. (1960) Report on an investigation of agricultural pests in St Helena, 1957–1959. 54 pp. London, Colonial Office.Google Scholar
Zimmerman, E.C. (1948) Insects of Hawaii, Vol. 5. Homoptera: Sternorhyncha. 464 pp. Honolulu, University of Hawaii Press.Google Scholar