Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-tf8b9 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-22T23:08:56.491Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Bacillus thuringiensis isolates from the Philippines: habitat distribution, δ-endotoxin diversity, and toxicity to rice stem borers (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae)

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  10 July 2009

W. Theunis ,
R.M. Aguda ,
W.T. Cruz ,
C. Decock ,
M. Peferoen ,
B. Lambert ,
D.G. Bottrell ,
F.L. Gould ,
J.A. Litsinger  and
M.B. Cohen
W. Theunis
Affiliation:
Entomology and Plant Pathology Division, International Rice Research Institute, PO Box 933, 1099 Manila, Philippines:
R.M. Aguda
Affiliation:
Entomology and Plant Pathology Division, International Rice Research Institute, PO Box 933, 1099 Manila, Philippines:
W.T. Cruz
Affiliation:
Entomology and Plant Pathology Division, International Rice Research Institute, PO Box 933, 1099 Manila, Philippines:
C. Decock
Affiliation:
Plant Genetic Systems, N.V., J. Plateaustraat 22, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium:
M. Peferoen
Affiliation:
Plant Genetic Systems, N.V., J. Plateaustraat 22, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium:
B. Lambert
Affiliation:
Plant Genetic Systems, N.V., J. Plateaustraat 22, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium:
D.G. Bottrell
Affiliation:
Entomology and Plant Pathology Division, International Rice Research Institute, PO Box 933, 1099 Manila, Philippines:
F.L. Gould
Affiliation:
Department of Entomology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh NC 27695, USA
J.A. Litsinger
Affiliation:
Entomology and Plant Pathology Division, International Rice Research Institute, PO Box 933, 1099 Manila, Philippines:
M.B. Cohen*
Affiliation:
Entomology and Plant Pathology Division, International Rice Research Institute, PO Box 933, 1099 Manila, Philippines:
*
* Fax: (63 2) 845 0606 E-mail: [email protected]
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner isolates were detected in 57% of 801 samples of rice grain dust, soil, rice field arthropods, and miscellaneous habitats (rice straw compost and mammal faeces) collected at 100 sites in the Philippines. The collection yielded 3950 isolates of B. thuringiensis (8.7 isolates/positive sample). Grain dust from rice mills was the richest source (63% of the samples were positive, with 10.2 isolates/positive sample), followed by rice field arthropods, soil, and miscellaneous habitats. Polyclonal antibodies to six δ-endotoxin groups (Cry1A, Cry1B, Cry1C, Cry1D, Cry1E, and Cry3A) were used in enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) to characterize the toxins produced by each isolate. Subsamples of isolates representing the diversity of isolate sources and δ-endotoxin profiles were bioassayed against the yellow stem borer, Scirpophaga incertulas (Walker) and striped stem borer, Chilo suppressalis (Walker). Eighteen isolates highly toxic to both species were selected for characterization of δ-endotoxin genes by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) with primers specific to 14 genes or gene subfamilies, and Western blotting with Cry2A antibodies. At least two novel δ-endotoxin genes, related to cry1B and cry1F, were detected by DNA sequencing of PCR products.

Type
Review Article
Information
Bulletin of Entomological Research , Volume 88 , Issue 3 , June 1998 , pp. 335 - 342
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 1998

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Aly, C., Mulla, M.S. & Federici, B.A. (1985) Sporulation and toxin production by Bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis in cadavers of mosquito larvae (Diptera: Culicidae). Journal of Invertebrate Pathology 46, 251–258.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bernhard, K., Jarrett, P., Meadows, M., Butt, J., Ellis, D.J., Roberts, G.M., Pauli, S., Rodgers, P. & Burges, H.D. (1997) Natural isolates of Bacillus thuringiensis: worldwide distribution, characterization, and activity against insect pests. Journal of Invertebrate Pathology 70, 59–68.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bradford, M.M. (1976) A rapid and sensitive method for the quantification of microgram quantitites of protein utilizing the principle of protein-dye binding. Analytical Biochemistry 72, 248–254.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Burnette, W.N. (1981) “Western blotting”: Electrophoretic transfer of proteins from sodium dodecyl sulfate–polyacrylamide gels to unmodified nitrocellulose and radiographic detection with antibody and radioiodinated protein A. Analytical Biochemistry 112, 195–203.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Chak, K.-F., Chao, D.C., Tseng, M.Y., Kao, S.S., Tuan, S.J. & Feng, T.Y. (1994) Determination and distribution of cry-type genes of Bacillus thuringiensis isolates from Taiwan. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 60, 2415–2420.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Chaudhary, R.C., Khush, G.S. & Heinrichs, E.A. (1984) Varietal resistance to rice stem-borers. Insect Science and Its Application 5, 447–463.Google Scholar
Crickmore, N., Zeigler, D.R., Feitelson, J., Schnepf, E., Lambert, B., Lereclus, D., Baum, J. & Dean, D.H. (1995) Revision of the nomenclature for the Bacillus thuringiensis pesticidal cry genes. p. 14in Program and Abstracts of the 28th Annual Meeting of the Society for Invertebrate Pathology. Bethesda, Maryland, USA, Society for Invertebrate Pathology.Google Scholar
Estruch, J.J., Warren, G.W., Mullins, M.A., Nye, G.J., Craig, J.A. & Koziel, M.G. (1996) Vip3A, a novel Bacillus thuringiensis vegetative insecticidal protein with a wide spectrum of activities against lepidopteran insects. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, USA 93, 5389–5394.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Flexner, J.L., Lighthart, B. & Croft, B.A. (1986) The effects of microbial pesticides on non-target, beneficial arthropods. Agriculture, Ecosystems, and Environment 16, 203–254.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fujimoto, H., Itoh, K., Yamamoto, M., Kyozuka, J. & Shimamoto, K. (1993) Insect resistant rice generated by introduction of a modified δ-endotoxin gene of Bacillus thuringiensis. Bio/Technology 11, 1151–1155.Google ScholarPubMed
Ghareyazie, B., Alinia, F., Menguito, C.A., Rubia, L.G., dePalma, J.M., Liwanag, E.A., Cohen, M.B., Khush, G.S. & Bennett, J. (1997) Enhanced resistance to two stem borers in an aromatic rice containing a synthetic cryIA(b) gene. Molecular Breeding 3, 401–414.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gill, S.G., Cowles, E.A. & Pietrantonio, P.V. (1992) The mode of action of Bacillus thuringiensis endotoxins. Annual Review of Entomology 37, 615–636.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Gould, F., Martinez-Ramirez, A., Anderson, A., Ferre, J., Silva, F.J. & Moar, W.J. (1992) Broad spectrum resistance to Bacillus thuringiensis toxins in Heliothis virescens. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, USA 89, 7986–7990.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Höfte, H., Van Rie, J., Jansens, S., Van Houtven, A., Vanderbruggen, H. & Vaeck, M. (1988) Monoclonal antibody analysis and insecticidal spectrum of three types of lepidopteran-specific insecticidal crystal proteins of Bacillus thuringiensis. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 54, 2010–2017.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kalman, S., Kiehne, K.L., Libs, J.L. & Yamamoto, T. (1993) Cloning of a novel cryIC-type gene from a strain of Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. galleria. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 59, 1131–1137.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Khan, E., Karim, S., Makhdoom, R. & Riazuddin, S. (1995) Abundance, distribution and diversity of Bacillus thuringiensis in Pakistanian environment. Pakistan Journal of Scientfic and Industrial Research 38, 192–195.Google Scholar
Lambert, B., Theunis, W., Aguda, R., Van Audenhove, K., Decock, C., Jansens, S., Seurinck, J. & Perferoen, M. (1992) Nucleotide sequence of gene cryIIID encoding a novel coleopteran-active crystal protein from strain BTI109P of Bacillus thuringiensis susp. kurstaki. Gene 110, 131–132.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lambert, B., Buysse, L., Decock, C., Jansens, S., Peins, C., Saey, B., Seurinck, J., van Audenhove, K., van Rie, J., van Vliet, A. & Peferoen, M. (1996) A Bacillus thuringiensis insecticidal crystal protein with a high activity against members of the family Noctuidae. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 62, 80–86.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
LeOra Software (1987) POLO-PC: a user's guide to probit or logit analysis. Berkeley, California, LeOra Software.Google Scholar
Lee, M.K., Aguda, R., Cohen, M., Gould, F. & Dean, D.H. (1997) Determination of receptor binding properties of Bacillus thuringiensis δ-endotoxins to rice stem borer midguts. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 63, 1453–1459.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Martin, P.A.W. & Travers, R.S. (1989) Worldwide abundance and distribution of Bacillus thuringiensis isolates. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 55, 2437–2442.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Meadows, M.P. (1993) Bacillus thuringiensis in the environment: ecology and risk assessment. pp. 193–220in Entwistle, P.F., Cory, J.S., Bailey, M.J. & Higgs, S. (Eds) Bacillus thuringiensis, an environmental biopesticide: theory and practice. 311 pp. Chichester, UK, John Wiley & Sons.Google Scholar
Padua, L.E., Gabriel, B.P., Aizawa, K. & Ohba, M. (1982) Bacillus thuringiensis isolated from the Philippines. Philippine Entomologist 5, 195–194.Google Scholar
Prasertphon, S., Areekul, P. & Tanada, Y. (1973) Sporulation of Bacillus thuringiensis in host cadavers. Journal of Invertebrate Pathology 21, 205–207.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Saleh, S.M., Harris, R.F. & Allen, O.N. (1970) Fate of Bacillus thuringiensis in soil: effect of soil pH and organic amendment. Canadian Journal of Microbiology 16, 677–680.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
SAS Institute (1985) SAS user's guide: statistics. 5th edn.956 pp. Cary, North Carolina, SAS Institute Inc.Google Scholar
Siegel, J.P. & Shadduck, J.A. (1989) Safety of microbial insecticides to vertebrates – Humans. pp. 101–113in Laird, M. (Ed.) Safety of microbial insecticides. Boca Raton, Florida, CRC Press.Google Scholar
Travers, R.S., Martin, P.A.W. & Reichelfelder, C.F. (1987) Selective process for efficient isolation of soil Bacillus spp. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 53, 1263–1266.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Vaeck, M., Reynaerts, A., Höfte, H., Jansens, S., De Beuckeleer, M., Dean, C., Zabeau, M., Van Montagu, M. & Leemans, J. (1987) Transgenic plants protected from insect attack. Nature 328, 33–37.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
West, A.W. & Burges, H.D. (1985) Persistence of Bacillus thuringiensis and Bacillus cereus in soil supplemented with grass or manure. Plant and Soil 83, 389–398.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wünn, J., Klöti, A., Burkhardt, P.K., Ghosh Biswas, G.C., Launis, K., Iglesias, V.A. & Potrykus, I. (1996) Transgenic indica rice breeding line IR58 expressing a synthetic cryIA(b) gene from Bacillus thuringiensis provides effective insect pest control. Bio/Technology 14, 171–176.Google ScholarPubMed