Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-dlnhk Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-01T00:07:30.352Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

The whiteflies (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) of Europe and the Mediterranean Basin

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  09 March 2007

J.H. Martin ,
D. Mifsud  and
C. Rapisarda
J.H. Martin*
Affiliation:
Department of Entomology, The Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London, SW7 5BD, UK
D. Mifsud
Affiliation:
Naturhistorische Museum Basel, Augustinergasse 2, 4001 Basel, Switzerland
C. Rapisarda
Affiliation:
Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Fitosanitarie, Università degli Studi, Via Valdisavoia 5, 95123 Catania, Italy
*
*Fax: (0)20 7942 5229 E-mail: [email protected]
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

The whitefly fauna of Europe and the Mediterranean Basin comprises 56 species that are considered to be native or naturalized, accommodated within 25 genera. Presented here are a check-list, an identification key to puparia, and a brief account of each species including its distribution and host-plant range. The puparium of each species is illustrated. One new nomenclatural combination (Aleuroclava similis, from Aleurotuberculatus) and two new synonymies (Parudamoselis kesselyakiwith Ceraleurodicus varus, Asterobemisia nigrini with A. paveli) are proposed. Three nominal species (Aleurodes capreae, A. fraxini, and Aleyrodes campanulae) are here treated as nomina dubia. Species which, in the study area, have only been recorded from glasshouses are discussed. Four additional species, not yet recorded from the region, are included in the discussion, two of them because a particular quarantine risk is perceived and two because they are notifiable pests in European Union quarantine legislation.

Type
Research Article
Information
Bulletin of Entomological Research , Volume 90 , Issue 5 , October 2000 , pp. 407 - 448
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2000

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Argov, Y. (1994) The woolly whitefly, a new pest in Israel [in Hebrew]. Alon Hanotea 48, 290–292.Google Scholar
Ashmead, W.H. (1885) The orange Aleurodes (Aleurodes citri n.sp.). Florida Dispatch 2, 704.Google Scholar
Ashmead, W.H. (1893) Monograph of the North American Procotrypidae. Amitus Haldemann. Bulletin of the United States National Museum 45, 292–294.Google Scholar
Baerensprung, F.V. (1849) Beobachtungen über einige einheimische Arten aus der Familie der Coccinen. pp. 165–176in Alton, J.S.E d' (Ed.) Zeitung für Zoologie, Zootomie, und Palaeozoologie. Leipzig 1848–1849, 1–212.Google Scholar
Baker, A.C. & Moles, M.L. (1920) A new species of Aleyrodidae found on Azalea (Hom.). Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington 22, 81–83.Google Scholar
Bedford, I.D., Briddon, R.W., Brown, J.K., Rosell, R.C. & Markham, P.G. (1994) Geminivirus transmission and biological characterisation of Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) biotypes from different geographic regions. Annals of Applied Biology 125, 311–325.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bellows, T.S., Perring, T.M., Gill, R.J. & Headrick, D.H. (1994) Description of a species of Bemisia (Homoptera: Aleyrodidae). Annals of the Entomological Society of America 87, 195–206.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bemis, F.E. (1904) The aleyrodids or mealy-winged flies of California with reference to other American species. Proceedings of the United States National Museum 27, 471–537.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bink, F. (1979) Methods for mounting Aleyrodidae specimens. Entomologische Berichten 39, 158–160.Google Scholar
Bink, F.A., Bink-Moenen, R.M. & Woets, J. (1980) Witte vliegen in Nederland (Homoptera: Aleyrodidae). Entomologische Berichten 40, 3–9.Google Scholar
Bink-Moenen, R.M. (1976) A new whitefly of Erica tetralix: Trialeurodes ericae sp. n. (Homoptera, Aleyrodidae). Entomologische Berichten 36, 17–19.Google Scholar
Bink-Moenen, R.M. (1983) Revision of the African whiteflies (Aleyrodidae). Monografieën van de Nederlandse Entomologische Vereniging, Amsterdam 10, 1–211.Google Scholar
Bink-Moenen, R.M. (1989) A new species and new records of European whiteflies (Homoptera: Aleyrodidae) from heathers (Erica spp.). Entomologist's Gazette 40, 173–181.Google Scholar
Bink-Moenen, R.M. (1991) Comparisons between Neopealius rubi and Bemisia tabaci in Europe (Homoptera: Aleyrodidae). Entomologische Berichten 51, 29–37.Google Scholar
Bink-Moenen, R.M. (1992) Whitefly from Mediterranean evergreen oaks (Homoptera: Aleyrodidae). Systematic Entomology 17, 21–40.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bink-Moenen, R.M. & Gerling, D. (1992) Aleyrodidae of Israel. Bollettino di Laboratorio de Entomologia Agraria ‘Filippo Silvestri’ 47, 3–49.Google Scholar
Bink-Moenen, R.M. & Mound, L.A. (1990) Whiteflies: diversity, biosystematics and evolutionary patterns. pp. 1–11in Gerling, D. (Ed.) Whiteflies, their bionomics, pest status and management. Andover, Intercept.Google Scholar
Blackman, R.L. & Eastop, V.F. (1994) Aphids on the world's trees – an identification and information guide. 987 pp. Wallingford, CAB International.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bondar, G. (1928) Aleyrodideos do Brasil. (2a contribuiçao). Boletim do Laboratorio de Pathologia Vegetal do Estado da Bahia 5, 1–37.Google Scholar
Brown, P.A. (1997) A review of techniques used in the preparation, curation and conservation of microscope slides at The Natural History Museum, London. The Biology Curator 10 (Supplement), 33 pp.Google Scholar
Brummit, R.K. (1992) Vascular plant families and genera. 804 pp. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.Google Scholar
Campbell, B.C., Steffen-Campbell, J.D. & Gill, R.J. (1994) Evolutionary origin of whiteflies (Hemiptera: Sternorrhyncha: Aleyrodidae) inferred from 18S rDNA esquences. Insect Molecular Biology 3, 73–88.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Campbell, B.C., Steffen-Campbell, J.D. & Gill, R.J. (1996) Origin and radiation of whiteflies: an initial molecular phylogenetic assessment. pp. 29–51in Gerling, D. & Mayer, R.T. (Eds) Bemisia: 1995 – taxonomy, biology, damage, control and management. 702 pp. Andover, Intercept.Google Scholar
Carver, M. & Reid, I.A. (1996) Aleyrodidae (Hemiptera: Sternorrhyncha) of Australia. Systematic catalogue, host-plant spectra, distribution, natural enemies and biological control. Technical Paper, Division of Entomology, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Canberra 37, 55 pp.Google Scholar
Cock, M.J.W. (1986) Bemisia tabaci – a literature survey on the cotton whitefly with an annotated bibliography. 121 pp. CAB International Institute of Biological Control, Ascot.Google Scholar
Cock, M.J.W. (1993) Bemisia tabaci – an update 1986–1992. 78 pp. CAB International Institute of Biological Control, Ascot.Google Scholar
Cockerell, T.D.A. (1902) The classification of the Aleyrodidae. Proceedings on the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 54, 279–283.Google Scholar
Corbett, G.H. (1936) New Aleurodidae (Hem.). Proceedings of the Royal Entomological Society of London 5, 18–22.Google Scholar
Costa Lima, A. Da. (1928) Contribuiçao as estudio dos aleyrodideos da subfamilia Aleurodicinae. Supplemento as Memorias. Instituto Oswaldo Cruz. Rio de Janeiro 4, 128–140.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Costa Lima, A. Da. (1942) Sôbre Aleirodideos do gênero ‘Aleurothrixus’ (Homoptera). Revista Brasileira de Biologia 2(4), 419–426.Google Scholar
Curtis, J. (as ‘Ruricola’). (1846) Aleyrodes cocois (the cocoa-nut Aleyrodes). Gardener's Chronicle 1846, 284–285.Google Scholar
Danzig, E.M. (1964) The whiteflies (Homoptera, Aleyrodoidea) of the Caucasus. Entomologicheskoe Obozrenie 43, 633–646. [English translation in Entomological Review. Washington 43, 325–330.]Google Scholar
Danzig, E.M. (1966) The whiteflies (Homoptera, Aleyrodoidea) of the southern Primor'ye (Soviet Far East). Entomologicheskoe Obozrenie 45, 364–386. [English translation in Entomological Review. Washington 45, 197–209.]Google Scholar
Danzig, E.M. (1969) On the fauna of the whiteflies (Homoptera, Aleyrodoidea) of Soviet Central Asia and Kazakhstan. Entomologicheskoe Obozrenie 48, 868–880. [English translation in Entomological Review. Washington 48, 552–559.]Google Scholar
Danzig, E.M. (1980) The nomenclature and synonymy of several species of Coccinea and Aleyrodinea (Homoptera). Entomologicheskoe Obozrenie 59, 594–596. [English translation in Entomological Review. Washington 59, 73–74.]Google Scholar
De Barro, P.J., Liebregts, W. & Carver, M. (1998) Distribution and identity of biotypes of Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) in member countries of the Secretariat of the Pacific Community. Australian Journal of Entomology 37, 214–218.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
De Barro, P.J., Driver, F., Trueman, J.W.H. & Curran, J. (2000) Phylogenetic relationship of world populations of Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) using ribosomal ITS1. Molecular Phylogeny and Evolution 15 (in press).Google Scholar
Del Bene, G., Gargani, E. & Landi, S. (1991) Note su Pealius azaleae (Baker et Moles) (Hom. Aleyrodidae) specie nuova per l'Italia. Redia 74, 163–175.Google Scholar
Dobreanu, E. & Manolache, C. (1969) Homoptera Aleyrodoidea, Subfamilia Aleyrodinae. Fauna Republicii Socialiste România. Insecta 8, 1–152.Google Scholar
Dolling, W.R. & Martin, J.H. (1985) Aleurochiton acerinus Haupt, a maple-feeding whitefly new to Britain. Entomologist's Monthly Magazine 121, 143–144.Google Scholar
Fowler, V.W. (1954) Notes on some pests observed in the course of advisory work at Wisley during 1953. Journal of the Royal Horticultural Society 79, 405–408.Google Scholar
Frauenfeld, G.R. (1867) Zoologische Miscellen XIII. Ueber Aleurodes und Thrips, vorzüglich im Warmhause. Verhandlungen der Zoologische-Botanischen Gesellschaft in Wien 17, 793–800.Google Scholar
Frohlich, D.R., Torres-Jerez, I., Bedford, I.D., Markham, P.G. & Brown, J.K. (1999) A phylogeographical analysis of the Bemisia tabaci species complex based on mitochondrial DNA markers. Molecular Ecology 8, 1683–1691.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Gennadius, P. (1889) [Disease of tobacco plantations in the Trikonia. The aleurodid of tobacco.] [In Greek.]. Ellenike Georgia 5, 1–3.Google Scholar
Geoffroy, E.L. (1762) Histoire abrégée des insectes qui se trouvent aux environs de Paris. I. 523 pp. Paris.Google Scholar
Gertsson, C.A. (1987) Den svenska mjöllusfaunan. Entomologisk Tidskrift 108, 85–91.Google Scholar
Gill, R.J. (1990) The morphology of whiteflies. pp. 13–46in Gerling, D. (Ed.) Whiteflies, their bionomics, pest status and management. 348 pp. Andover, Intercept.Google Scholar
Gomez-Menor, J. (1945) Contribución al conocimiento de los aleyródideos de España (Hem. Homoptera). Variabilidad en las especies españolos y descripción de dos nuevas. 2a nota. Eos, Madrid 20, 277–308.Google Scholar
Gomez-Menor, J. (1953) Algunos insectos como pequeños enemigos: los Aleurodidos. Revista de la Universidad de Madrid 2, 27–55.Google Scholar
Gomez-Menor, J. (1958) Entomologia forestal. Homopteros Sternorrhyncha que atacan a la encina. Familia Aleyrodidae. Graellsia 16, 125–139.Google Scholar
Goux, L. (1939) Contribution à l'étude des aleurodes (Hem. Aleyrodidae) de la France I. Description d'un sous-genre et deux espèces nouveaux. Bulletin de la Société Linnéenne de Provence 12, 77–82.Google Scholar
Goux, L. (1940) Contribution à l'étude des aleurodes (Hem. Aleyrodidae) de la France II. Description de deux espèces nouvelles de Marseille. Bulletin de la Société Entomologique de France 45, 45–48.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Goux, L. (1942) Contribution à l'étude des aleurodes (Hem. Aleyrodidae) de la France III. Description d'un Aleurolobus et d'un Aleurotrachelus nouveaux. Bulletin du Muséum d'Histoire Naturelle de Marseille 2, 141–148.Google Scholar
Goux, L. (1945) Contribution à l'étude des aleurodes (Hem. Aleyrodidae) de la France IV. Étude morphologique et biologique d'une espèce nouvelle constituant un genre nouveau. Bulletin du Muséum d'Histoire Naturelle de Marseille 5, 186–197.Google Scholar
Goux, L. (1988) Aleurodes de France – VII. Description de deux espèces nouvelles constituant des genres nouveaux. Bulletin de la Société Linnéenne de Provence 39, 63–66.Google Scholar
Greathead, A.H. (1986) Host plants. pp. 17–25in Cock, M.J.W. (Ed.). Bemisia tabaci – a literature survey on the cotton whitefly with an annotated bibliography. 121 pp. CAB International Institute of Biological Control, Ascot.Google Scholar
Guirao, P., Beitia, F. & Cenis, J.L. (1997) Biotype determination of Spanish populations of Bemisia tabaci (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae). Bulletin of Entomological Research 87, 587–593.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Habib, A. & Farag, F.A. (1970) Studies on nine common aleurodids of Egypt. Bulletin de la Société Entomologique d'Egypte 54, 1–41.Google Scholar
Haliday, A.H. (1835) Aleyrodes phillyreae. Entomological Magazine 2, 119–120.Google Scholar
Harrison, J.W.H. (1917) A new species and genus of Aleyrodidae from Durham. The Vasculum 3, 60–62.Google Scholar
Harrison, J.W.H. (1931) Some observations on Aleurodidae. Entomologist's Record and Journal of Variation 43, 84–86.Google Scholar
Haupt, H. (1934) Neues über die Homoptera – Aleurodina. Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift. Berlin 1934, 127–141.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Haupt, H. (1935) Schmetterlings – od. Mottenläuse, Aleurodina. in Die Tierwelt Mitteleuropas 4, 253–260.Google Scholar
Heeger, E. (1856) Beiträge zur Naturgeschichte der Insecten. Naturgeschichte der Aleurodes immaculata Steph. Sitzungberichte der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften. Mathematische-naturwissenschaftliche klasse. Wien 18, 33–36.Google Scholar
Hernández-Suárez, E., Carnero, A., Hernández, M., Beitia, F. & Alonso, C. (1997) Lecanoideus floccissimus (Homoptera, Aleyrodidae): nueva plaga en las Islas Canarias. Phytoma España 91, 35–48.Google Scholar
Hodgson, C.J. (1994) The scale insect family Coccidae: an identification manual to genera. 639 pp. Wallingford, CAB International.Google Scholar
Huldén, L. (1986) The whiteflies (Homoptera, Aleyrodoidea) and their parasites in Finland. Notulae Entomologicae 66, 1–40.Google Scholar
Iaccarino, F.M. (1981) Aleirodidi nuovi o poco noti per l'Italia. Bollettino del Laboratorio di Entomologia Agraria ‘Filippo Silvestri’ 38, 143–156.Google Scholar
Iaccarino, F.M. (1982) Descrizione di Aleuroviggianus adrianae, n. gen, n. sp. (Homoptera: Aleyrodidae). Bollettino del Laboratorio di Entomologia Agraria ‘Filippo Silvestri’ 39, 37–45.Google Scholar
Iaccarino, F.M. (1985) Nuovi generi e specie di Aleirodidi per la fauna italiana. Bollettino del Laboratorio di Entomologia Agraria ‘Filippo Silvestri’ 42, 135–141.Google Scholar
Iaccarino, F.M. (1990) Descrizione di Paraleyrodes minei n. sp. (Homoptera: Aleyrodidae), nuovo aleirodide degli agrumi, in Siria. Bollettino del Laboratorio di Entomologia Agraria ‘Filippo Silvestri’ 46, 131–149.Google Scholar
Iaccarino, F.M. & Viggiani, G. (1988) Nuovi reperti su Aleirodidi italiani e loro parassitoidi. Atti XV Congresso Nazionale Italiano di Entomologia, 917–923.Google Scholar
Jensen, A. (1999) Cladistics of a sampling of the world's diversity of whiteflies of the genus Dialeurodes (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae). Annals of the Entomological Society of America 92, 359–369.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jensen, A. (in press) A cladistic analysis of Dialeurodes, Massilieurodes and Singhiella (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae), with notes and keys to the Nearctic species and descriptions of four new Massilieurodes species. Systematic Entomology.Google Scholar
Jesudasan, R.W.A. & David, B.V. (1991) Taxonomic studies on Indian Aleyrodidae (Insecta: Homoptera). Oriental Insects 25, 231–434.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kirkaldy, G.W. (1907) A catalogue of the family Aleyrodidae. Bulletin. Board of Commisioners of Agriculture and Forestry, Hawaii, Division of Entomology 2, 1–92.Google Scholar
Klasa, A. (1987) Maczliki (Homoptera, Aleyrodoidea) wylotu Bramy Morawskiej. Acta Biologica Silesiana 6, 119–126.Google Scholar
Klimaszewski, S. & Szelegiewicz, H. (1962) Materialen zur Kenntnis der Mottenläuse (Homoptera, Aleyrodidae) Polens. Fragmenta Faunistica 10, 35–45.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Koch, C.L. (1857) Die Pflanzenläuse Aphiden. 330 pp. Nürnberg.Google Scholar
Korobitsin, V.G. (1967) New and little-known species of aleyrodids (Homoptera, Aleyrodoidea) from Crimea. Entomologicheskoe Obozrenie 46, 857–859. [English translation in Entomological Review. Washington 46, 510–512.]Google Scholar
Kotinsky, J. (1907) Aleyrodidae of Hawaii and Fiji with descriptions of new species. Bulletin. Board of Commisioners of Agriculture and Forestry, Hawaii, Division of Entomology 2, 93–102.Google Scholar
Kozár, F. & Bink-Moenen, R.M. (1988) New data to the knowledge of the whiteflies of the Palaearctic Region (Homoptera: Aleyrodidae). Folia Entomologica Hungarica 49, 117–121.Google Scholar
Kozár, F., Bink-Moenen, R.M., Darvas, B. & Urfiné-Fogarasi, E. (1987) Új kártevö, a szamóca-molytetü (Trialeurodes packardi Morrill; Homoptera: Aleyrodidae) megjelenése Magyarországon. Növényvédelem 23, 351–354.Google Scholar
Kuwana, I. (1911) The whiteflies of Japan. Pomona College Journal of Entomology 3, 620–627.Google Scholar
Kuwana, I. (1927) On the genus Bemisia (Family Aleyrodidae) found in Japan, with description of a new species. Annotaciones Zoologicae Japonenses 11, 245–251.Google Scholar
Laing, F. (1928) Description of a white fly pest of rhododendrons. Entomologist's Monthly Magazine 64, 228–230.Google Scholar
Latreille, P.A. (1795) Magazin Encyclopédique 4, 304–310.Google Scholar
Latreille, P.A. (1796) Précis des charactères génériques des Insectes, disposés dans un ordre naturel. Paris.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Latreille, P.A. (1801–1802) Histoire naturelle des crustacés et des insectes. 3, 468 pp. Paris.Google Scholar
Lindinger, L. (1932) Randbermerkungen. Entomologische Rundschau. Stuttgart 1932, 222–223.Google Scholar
Linnaeus, C. (1758) Systema Naturae. 824 pp. Uppsala.Google Scholar
Llorens-Climent, J.M. & Garrido Vivas, A. (1992) Homóptera III. Moscas blancas y sus control biológico. 203 pp. Alicante, Pisa Ediciones.Google Scholar
Longo, S., Rapisarda, C., Russo, A. & Siscaro, G. (1990) Relievi bio-ethologici preliminari su Parabemisia myricae (Kuwana) e sui suoi entomofagi in Sicilia e Calabria. Bollettino di Zoologia Agraria e di Bachicoltura 22, 161–171.Google Scholar
Löw, F. (1867) Zoologische Notizen Zweite Serie. Verhandlungen der Zoologische-Botanischen Gesellschaft in Wien 17, 745–752.Google Scholar
Martin, J.H. (1978) Aleurochiton complanatus (Baerensprung) (Aleyrodidae) – confirmation of occurrence in Britain. Entomologist's Monthly Magazine 113, 7.Google Scholar
Martin, J.H. (1987) An identification guide to common whitefly pest species of the world (Homoptera, Aleyrodidae). Tropical Pest Management 33, 298–322.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Martin, J.H. (1996) Neotropical whiteflies of the subfamily Aleurodicinae established in the western Palaearctic (Homoptera: Aleyrodidae). Journal of Natural History 30, 1849–1859.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Martin, J.H. (1999) The whitefly fauna of Australia (Sternorrhyncha: Aleyrodidae), a taxonomic account and identification guide. Technical Paper, CSIRO Entomology 38, 1–197.Google Scholar
Martin, J.H. & Hollis, D. (1992) The Calophyllum-feeding triozid genus Leptynoptera (Hemiptera: Psylloidea). Journal of Natural History 26, 555–585.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Martin, J.H., Aguiar, A.M.F. & Pita, M.T. (1996) Aleyrodidae of Madeira – descriptions of three new species and notes on a pan-Mediterranean species of Aleurotrachelus. Journal of Natural History 30, 113–125.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Martin, J.H., Hernández-Suárez, E. & Carnero, A. (1997) An introduced new species of Lecanoideus (Homoptera: Aleyrodidae) established and causing economic impact on the Canary Islands. Journal of Natural History 31, 1261–1272.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Maskell, W.M. (1896) Contributions towards a monograph of the Aleurodidae, a family of Hemiptera – Homoptera. Transactions of the New Zealand Institute 28, 411–449.Google Scholar
Mifsud, D. (1995) Whiteflies of the Maltese Islands (Homoptera, Aleyrodidae). Central Mediterranean Naturalist 2, 61–78.Google Scholar
Mifsud, D. & Palmeri, V. (1996) A new species of Aleurolobus Quaintance & Baker (Homoptera, Aleyrodidae) from southern Europe. Bollettino del Laboratorio di Entomologia Agraria ‘Filippo Silvestri’ 52, 89–95.Google Scholar
Misra, C.S. (1924) The citrus whitefly, Dialeurodes citri in India and its parasite, together with the life history of Aleurodes ricini, n.sp. Report of Proceedings of Entomological Meetings at Pusa 1923, 129–135.Google Scholar
Modeer, A. (1778) Om fastflyet Coccus. Götteborgs Kungl. Vetenskaps och Vitterhets Samhälles Handlingar. Ny Tidsföljd 1, 11–50.Google Scholar
Morgan, A.C.F. (1892) A new genus and species of Aleurodidae. Entomologist's Monthly Magazine 28, 29–33.Google Scholar
Morrill, A.W. (1903) Life history and description of the strawberry Aleyrodes, A. packardi n. sp. Canadian Entomologist 35, 25–35.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mound, L.A. (1961) A new genus and four new species of whitefly from ferns (Homoptera, Aleyrodidae). Revue de Zoologie et de Botanique Africaines 64, 127–132.Google Scholar
Mound, L.A. (1963) Host-correlated variation in Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) (Homoptera: Aleyrodidae). Proceedings of the Royal Entomological Society of London (A)38, 171–180.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mound, L.A. (1965) An introduction to the Aleyrodidae of western Africa (Homoptera). Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History) (Entomology) 17, 113–160.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mound, L.A. (1966) A revision of the British Aleyrodidae (Hemiptera: Homoptera). Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History) (Entomology) 17, 399–428.Google Scholar
Mound, L.A. & Halsey, S.H. (1978) Whitefly of the World. 340 pp. British Museum (Natural History)/John Wiley & Sons, Chichester.Google Scholar
Mound, L.A., Martin, J.H. & Polaszek, A. (1994) The insect fauna of Selaginella (Pteridophyta: Lycopsida), with descriptions of three new species. Journal of Natural History 28, 1403–1415.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Newstead, R. (1911) On a collection of Coccidae and Aleurodidae, chiefly African, in the collection of the Berlin Zoological Museum. Mitteilungen aus dem Zoologischen Museum in Berlin 5, 153–174.Google Scholar
Ossiannilsson, F. (1947) Bemisia callunae n. sp., a new Swedish white fly (Hom. Aleurodidae). Entomologisk Tidskrift 68, 1–3.Google Scholar
Ossiannilsson, F. (1955) Till kännedomen om de svenska mjöllössen (Hem. Hom. Aleyrodina). Opuscula Entomologica 20, 192–199.Google Scholar
Passos de Carvalho, J. (1994) A mosquinha-branca-dos-citrinos Aleurothrixus floccosus (Maskell, 1895) (Homoptera – Aleyrodidae). 109 pp. Direcção Regional de Agricultura da Região Autónoma da Madeira, Instituto Nacional de Investigação Agrária, Funchal.Google Scholar
Patti, I. & Rapisarda, C. (1981) Reperti morpho-biologici sugli Aleirodidi nocivi alle piante coltivate in Italia. Bollettino di Zoologia Agraria e di Bachicoltura 16, 135–190.Google Scholar
Pizza, M. & Porcelli, F. (1993) Sull'allestimento di preparati microscopici di pupari di Aleirodidi (Homoptera). Bollettino della Società Entomologica Italiana 125, 3–5.Google Scholar
Polunin, O. & Walters, M. (1985) A guide to the vegetation of Britain and Europe. 238 pp. Oxford, Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Priesner, H. & Hosny, M. (1932) Contributions to a knowledge of the whiteflies (Aleurodidae) of Egypt (I). Bulletin. Ministry of Agriculture, Egypt. Technical and Scientific Service 121, 1–8.Google Scholar
Priesner, H. & Hosny, M. (1934) Contributions to a knowledge of the whiteflies (Aleurodidae) of Egypt (II). Bulletin. Ministry of Agriculture, Egypt. Technical and Scientific Service 139, 1–21.Google Scholar
Priesner, H. & Hosny, M. (1934) Contribution to a knowledge of the whiteflies (Aleurodidae) of Egypt (III). Bulletin. Ministry of Agriculture, Egypt. Technical and Scientific Service 145, 1–11.Google Scholar
Quaintance, A.L. (1900) Contribution towards a monograph of the American Aleurodidae. Technical Series, US Department of Agriculture Bureau of Entomology 8, 9–64.Google Scholar
Quaintance, A.L. (1903) New Oriental Aleurodidae. Canadian Entomologist 35, 61–64.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Quaintance, A.L. (1907) The more important Aleurodidae infesting economic plants with description of new species infesting the orange. Technical Series, US Department of Agriculture Bureau of Entomology 12, 89–94.Google Scholar
Quaintance, A.L. (1909) A new genus of Aleyrodidae, with remarks on Aleyrodes nubifera Berger and Aleyrodes citri Riley & Howard. Technical Series, US Department of Agriculture Bureau of Entomology 12, 169–174.Google Scholar
Quaintance, A.L. & Baker, A.C. (1913) Classification of the Aleyrodidae Part I. Technical Series, US Department of Agriculture Bureau of Entomology 27, 1–93.Google Scholar
Quaintance, A.L. & Baker, A.C. (1914) Classification of the Aleyrodidae Part II. Technical Series, US Department of Agriculture Bureau of Entomology 27, 95–109.Google Scholar
Quaintance, A.L. & Baker, A.C. (1915) Classification of the Aleyrodidae – contents and index. Technical Series, US Department of Agriculture Bureau of Entomology 27, i–xi, 111–114.Google Scholar
Quaintance, A.L. & Baker, A.C. (1916) Aleyrodidae, or white flies attacking the orange, with descriptions of three new species of economic importance. Journal of Agricultural Research 6, 459–472.Google Scholar
Quaintance, A.L. & Baker, A.C. (1917) A contribution to our knowledge of the whiteflies of the sub-family Aleurodinae (Aleyrodidae). Proceedings of the United States National Museum 51, 335–445.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rapisarda, C. (1982) Appunti morfologici ed ecologici su alcuni aleirodi (Homoptera, Aleyrodidae) della fauna siciliana. Bollettino del Laboratorio di Entomologia Agraria ‘Filippo Silvestri’ 39, 71–95.Google Scholar
Rapisarda, C. (1985) Presenza in Italia di Aleurolobus niloticus Priesner & Hosny, nuovo parassita delle piante di cappero (Homoptera, Aleyrodidae). Bollettino di Zoologia Agraria e di Bachicoltura 18, 75–86.Google Scholar
Rapisarda, C. (1986) Trialeurodes (Ericaleyrodes) sardiniae, subgen. n., sp. n., a new heather-feeding whitefly (Homoptera: Aleyrodidae). Frustula Entomologica 7–8, 487–499.Google Scholar
Rapisarda, C. (1990) Gli aleirodi degli agrumi in Italia. Phytophaga 3, 173–198.Google Scholar
Rapisarda, C. (1995) Aleyrodoidea [pp. 2, 4–5, 12–13, 52]. In Barbagallo, S. et al. , Homoptera Sternorrhyncha, vol. 43, in Minelli, A., Ruffo, S. & La Posta, S. (Eds) Checklist delle specie della fauna italiana. vi + 57 pp. Calderini, Bologna.Google Scholar
Rapisarda, C. (1999) Annotazioni faunistiche ed ecologiche sugli aleirodi italiani. Atti dell'Accademia Nazionale Italiana di Entomologia, Rendiconti 45, 195–221.Google Scholar
Rapisarda, C. & Patti, I. (1983) Stato attuale delle conoscenze sulla composizione dell’ aleirofauna siciliana. Atti XIII Congresso Nazionale Italiano di Entomologia, 327–332.Google Scholar
Rapisarda, C., Siscaro, G., Leocata, S. & Asero, C. (1990) Parabemisia myricae, un nuovo aleirode degli agrumi in Italia. Informatore Fitopatologico 40, 25–30.Google Scholar
Rapisarda, C., Mifsud, D. & Martin, J.H. (1996) Current studies on the whitefly fauna of the Mediterranean basin (Homoptera, Aleyrodidae). Proceedings of the XX International Congress of Entomology, 92, abstract 02–090.Google Scholar
Riley, C.V. & Howard, L.O. (1893) The orange Aleyrodes. (Aleyrodes citri n.sp.). Insect Life. US Department of Agriculture, Washington DC 5, 219–226.Google Scholar
Rosell, R.C., Bedford, I.D., Frohlich, D.R., Gill, R.J., Brown, J.K. & Markham, P.G. (1997) Analysis of morphological variation in distinct populations of Bemisia tabaci (Homoptera: Aleyrodidae). Annals of the Entomological Society of America 90, 575–589.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Russell, L.M. (1947) A classification of the whiteflies of the new Tribe Trialeurodini (Homoptera: Aleyrodidae). Revista de Entomologia. Rio de Janeiro 18, 1–44.Google Scholar
Russell, L.M. (1948) The North American species of whiteflies of the genus Trialeurodes. Miscellaneous Publications. United States Department of Agriculture 635, 1–85.Google Scholar
Russell, L.M. (1957) Synonyms of Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) (Homoptera: Aleyrodidae). Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society 52, 122–123.Google Scholar
Russell, L.M. (1960) A whitefly living on roses (Homoptera: Aleyrodidae). Proceedings of the Royal Entomological Society of London (B) 29, 29–32.Google Scholar
Russell, L.M. (1962) New name combinations and and notes on some African and Asian species of Aleyrodidae (Homoptera). Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society 57, 63–65.Google Scholar
Russell, L.M. (1964) Dialeurodes kirkaldyi (Kotinsky), a whitefly new to the United States (Homoptera: Aleyrodidae). Florida Entomologist 47, 1–4.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Russell, L.M. (1965) A new species of Aleurodicus Douglas and two close relatives (Homoptera: Aleyrodidae). Florida Entomologist 48, 47–55.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ryberg, O. (1938) Bidrag till kännedomen om de nordiska mjöllössen, Aleurodidae (Hem. Hom.) jämte provisorisk katalog över de europeiska arternas värdväxter. Kungl. Fysiografiska Sällskapets I Lund Förhandlingar 8, 10–25.Google Scholar
Salaas, U. (1942a) Eine neue Mottenlaus, Aleurodes campanulae n. sp. (Hem. Aleurodidae) an Campanula. Suomen Hyönteistieteellinen Aikakauskirja 8, 127–134.Google Scholar
Salaas, U. (1942) Aleurodes proletella L. (Hem. Aleurodidae) jauhiainen tavattu Suomessa. Suomen Hyönteistieteellinen Aikakauskirja 8, 181–182.Google Scholar
Sampson, W.W. (1943) A generic synopsis of the hemipterous superfamily Aleyrodoidea. Entomologica Americana 23, 173–223.Google Scholar
Schlee, D. (1970) Verwandtschaftsforschung an fossilen und rezenten Aleyrodina (Insecta, Hemiptera). Stuttgarter Beiträge zur Naturkunde aus dem Staatlichen Museum für Naturkunde in Stuttgart 213, 1–72.Google Scholar
Schrank von, F. P. (1801) Fauna Boica 2. 274 pp. Ingolstadt.Google Scholar
Schumacher, F. (1918) Mottenläuse. Verzeichnis der Aleyrodiden Europas. Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift. Berlin 1918, 404–406.Google Scholar
Signoret, V. (1868) Essai monographique sur les aleurodes. Annales de la Société Entomologique de France 8, 369–402.Google Scholar
Signoret, V. (1882) Séance du 14 décembre 1881. 4° Note. Annales de la Société Entomologique de France 1, CLVIII.Google Scholar
Silvestri, F. (1911) Di una nuova specie di Aleurodes vivente sull’ olivo. Bollettino del Laboratorio di Zoologia Generale e Agraria della R. Scuola Superiore d'Agricoltura. Portici 5, 214–225.Google Scholar
Silvestri, F. (1915) Contributo alla conoscenza degli insetti dell’ olivo dell’ Eritrea e dell’ Africa meridionale Fam. Aleyrodidae. Bollettino del Laboratorio di Zoologia Generale e Agraria della R. Scuola Superiore d'Agricoltura. Portici 9, 245–249.Google Scholar
Silvestri, F. (1934) Compendio di entomologia applicata 1, 448 pp. Portici.Google Scholar
Singh, K. (1931) A contribution towards our knowledge of the Aleyrodidae (whiteflies) of India. Memoirs of the Department of Agriculture in India 12, 1–98.Google Scholar
Smith, I.M., McNamara, D.G., Scott, P.R. & Holderness, M. [Eds] (1997) Quarantine pests for Europe, second edition – data sheets on quarantine pests for the European Union and for the European and Mediterranean Plant Protection Organization. 1425 pp. CAB International/EPPO, Wallingford.Google Scholar
Sorensen, J.T., Gill, R.J., Dowell, R.V. & Garrison, R.W. (1990) The introduction of Siphoninus phillyreae (Haliday) (Homoptera: Aleyrodidae) into North America: niche competition, evolution of host plant acceptance, and a prediction of its potential range in the Nearctic. Pan-Pacific Entomologist 66, 43–54.Google Scholar
Szelegiewicz, H. (1979) Maczliki Aleyrododea. Katalog Fauny Polski, Polska Akademia Nauk Instytut Zoologii 21, 3–19.Google Scholar
Takahashi, R. (1932) Aleyrodidae of Formosa, Part I. Report. Department of Agriculture. Government Research Institute. Formosa 59, 1–57.Google Scholar
Takahashi, R. (1934) A new whitefly from China (Aleyrodidae, Homoptera). Lingnan Science Journal 13, 137–141.Google Scholar
Takahashi, R. (1936) Some Aleyrodidae, Aphididae, Coccidae (Homoptera), and Thysanoptera from Micronesia. Tenthredo 1, 109–120.Google Scholar
Takahashi, R. (1938) Notes on the Aleyrodidae of Japan (Homoptera) VI. Kontyù 12, 70–74.Google Scholar
Takahashi, R. (1940) A new species of Aleyrodidae from Jugoslavia. Arb. morp. taxon. Ent. Berl 7, 148–149.Google Scholar
Takahashi, R. (1951) Some species of Aleyrodidae (Homoptera) from from Madagascar, with a species from Mauritius. Mémoires de l'Institut Scientifique de Madagascar 6, 353–385.Google Scholar
Takahashi, R. (1952) Aleurotuberculatus and Parabemisia of Japan (Aleyrodidae, Homoptera). Miscellaneous Reports of the Research Institute for Natural Resources. Tokyo 25, 17–24.Google Scholar
Takahashi, R. (1954) Key to the tribes and genera of Aleyrodidae of Japan, with descriptions of three new genera and one new species (Homoptera). Insecta Matsumurana 18, 47–53.Google Scholar
Trehan, K.N. (1938) Two new species of Aleurodidae found on ferns in greenhouses in Britain (Hemiptera). Proceedings of the Royal Entomological Society of London 7, 182–189.Google Scholar
Trehan, K.N. (1939) Studies on the British Aleurodidae. Current Science 8, 266.Google Scholar
Trehan, K.N. (1940) Studies on the British whiteflies (Homoptera – Aleyrodidae). Transactions of the Royal Entomological Society of London 90, 575–616.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tullgren, A. (1907) Über einige Arten der Familie Aleurodidae. Arkiv för Zoologi 3, 1–18.Google Scholar
Tremblay, E. & Iaccarino, F.M. (1978) Aleurotuba jelineki (Frauen.) per Aleurotrachelus jelineki (Frauen.) (Homoptera Aleyrodidae) su viburno. Bollettino del Laboratorio de Entomologia Agraria ‘Filippo Silvestri’ 35, 57–66.Google Scholar
Ulusoy, M.R. & Uygun, N. (1996) DogΣu Akdeniz Bölgesi turunçgillerinde potansiyel iki yeni zararli: Aleurothrixus floccosus (Maskell) ve Paraleyrodes minei Iaccarino (Homoptera, Aleyrodidae). Türk Entomologi Dergisi 20, 113–121.Google Scholar
Ulusoy, M.R., Uygun, N., Kersting, U., Karaca, I. & Satar, S. (1996) Present status of citrus whiteflies (Homoptera: Aleyrodidae) in Turkey and their control. Zeitschrift für Pflanzenkrankheiten und Pflanzenschutz 103, 397–402.Google Scholar
Upton, M.S. (1993) Aqueous gum-chloral slide mounting media: an historical review. Bulletin of Entomological Research 83, 267–274.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Uygun, N. & Elekçioglu, I.H. (1990) DogΣu Akdeniz Bölgesi beyaz sinek (Homoptera, Aleyrodidae) türlerinin saptanmasi. Türk Entomologi Dergisi 14, 85–96.Google Scholar
Uygun, N., Elekçioglu, I.H. & Ulusoy, M.R. (1996) DogΣu Akdeniz Bölgesi'nde saptanan yeni Beyazsinek (Homoptera, Aleyrodidae türleri. Türk Entomologi Dergisi 20, 105–111.Google Scholar
Visnya, A. (1936) További molytetvek köszegröl és vidékeröl. Weitere Mottenläuse aus der Umgebung von Köszeg. Folia sabariensis vasi Szle 3, 116–117.Google Scholar
Visnya, A. (1941a) A gigantic species of Aleurodidae (Homoptera) from greenhouse-Orchideas. Folia Entomologica Hungarica 6, 4–15.Google Scholar
Visnya, A. (1941b) Vorarbeiten zur Kenntnis der Aleurodiden-fauna von Ungarn, nebst systematischen Bemerkungen über die Gattungen Aleurochiton, Pealius und Bemisia (Homoptera). Fragmenta Faunistica Hungarica 4 (Supplement), 19 pp.Google Scholar
Walker, F. (1852) List of specimens of homopterous insects in the collection of the British Museum 4, 909–1188. London.Google Scholar
Westwood, J.O. (1856) The new Aleyrodes of the greenhouse. Gardeners’ Chronicle 1856, 852.Google Scholar
Wünn, H. (1926) in Elass – Lothringen vorkommende Schildlausarten. Zeitschrift für Wissenschaftliche Insektbiologie. Berlin 21, 22–28.Google Scholar
Zahradnik, J. (1961) Nouvelles connaissances faunistiques et taxonomiques sur les aleyrodides de la Tchécoslovaquie (Homoptera, Aleyrodinea). Acta Faunistica Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae 7, 61–80.Google Scholar
Zahradnik, J. (1962) Données taxonomiques et faunistiques sur Japaneyrodes nov. gen. similis europaeus n. ssp. (Homoptera, Aleyrodinea). Acta Faunistica Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae 8, 13–19.Google Scholar
Zahradnik, J. (1963) Aleyrodina. in Die Tierwelt Mitteleuropas (N.S.) 4, 1–19.Google Scholar
Zahradnik, J. (1985) La révision des aleurodes des pays Tchêques (Sternorrhyncha: Aleyrodinea) I. VÏstník »eskoslovenské SpoleËnosti Zoologické 49, 301–320.Google Scholar
Zahradnik, J. (1987a) Asterobemisia nigrini sp. n., un aleurode nouveau de la Tchécoslovaquie (Sternorrhyncha, Aleyrodinea). Acta Entomologica Bohemoslovaca 84, 350–352.Google Scholar
Zahradnik, J. (1987) La révision des aleurodes des pays Tchêques (Sternorrhyncha: Aleyrodinea) II. VÏstník »eskoslovenské SpoleËnosti Zoologické 51, 60–80.Google Scholar
Zahradnik, J. (1989) Neue funde von mottenläusen in der Schweitz (Sternorrhyncha: Aleyrodinea) III. Acta Universitatis Carolinae. Biologica 31, 355–358.Google Scholar
Zahradnik, J. (1989) La révision des aleurodes des pays Tchêques (Sternorrhyncha: Aleyrodinea) III. Acta Universitatis Carolinae. Biologica 31, 407–443.Google Scholar
Zahradnik, J. (1991) Taxonomisches und Faunistisches über europäische Mottenläuse (Aleyrodinea). Acta Universitatis Carolinae 35, 111–118.Google Scholar