Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-mlc7c Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-07T20:23:27.232Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Studies on acaricide resistance in Rhipicephalus evertsi evertsi Neumann (Acarina: Ixodidae) in East Africa. Identification and inheritance of a resistance factor to organochlorines

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  10 July 2009

J. H. M. Lourens
Affiliation:
Laboratory of Experimental Entomology, University of Amsterdam, Kruislaan 302, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
R. J. Tatchell
Affiliation:
FAO/UNDP Tick Borne Cattle Diseases and Tick Control Project, c/o UNDP, P.O. Box 7184, Kampala, Uganda.

Abstract

Difficulties were experienced in determining the susceptibility status of populations of Rhipicephalus evertsi evertsi Neum. to organochlorine acaricides. A susceptible strain of this species was found at Maswa, Shinyanga District, Tanzania. Susceptibility for toxaphene, dieldrin and γ–BHC was assessed by means of an FAO recommended test method, the oil-based packet test. A homogeneously responding resistant strain was built up from larvae from Ngong, near Nairobi, Kenya, that had survived a discriminating dieldrin concentration of 0·2%. These showed resistance factors of 10·8 for toxaphene, 30 for γ-BHC and 95 for dieldrin. The F1 cross between susceptible and resistant populations responded homo-geneously and was intermediate in resistance between the parental strains, with resistance factors of 8·7, 9 and 8·1 for ithese compounds, respectively. Larvae from backcrosses of F1 adults with the parental strains showed stepped ld-p lines such as would be expected in a case of inheritance of a single gene allele with partial dominance for resistance. A population of R. e. evertsi near Dar es Salaam, Tanzania, was controlled by application of 0·3% toxaphene despite it having resistance factors similar to those of the F1 hybrids.

Type
Original Articles
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 1979

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Anon. (1971). Recommended methods for the detection and measurement of resistance of agricultural pests to pesticides. —Pl. Prot. Bull. F.A.O. 19, 1518.Google Scholar
Bailey, K. P.. (1960). Notes on rearing Rhipicephalus appendiculatus and their infection with Theileria parva for experimental transmission. Bull. epizoot. Dis. Afr. 8, 3343.Google Scholar
F.A.O.. (1975). Research on tick-borne cattle diseases and tick control, Kenya. Acaricides and acaricide resistance–a preliminary report, based on the work of J. H. Lourens and R. D. Shaw.—61 pp. Rome, F.A.O. Technical Report no. 5 AG:DP/KEN/70/522.Google Scholar
Lourens, J. H. M. & Klashorst, G. Van De (1979). Organochlorine susceptible and tolerant populations of the East African brown ear tick Rhipicephalus appendiculatus Neumann, 1901 in East Africa. —Z. angew. Ent. 87, 230238.Google Scholar
Matthysse, G. & Colbo, M.. — (in press). The Ixodid ticks of Uganda.—Uganda Government Printer, Entebbe.Google Scholar
Roulston, W. J., Stone, B. F., Wilson, J. T. & White, L. I.. (1968). Chemical control of an organophosphorus- and carbamate-resistant strain of Boophilus microplus (Can.) from Queensland.—Bull. ent. Res. 58, 379392.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Shaw, R. D.. (1966). Culture of an organophosphorus-resistant strain of Boophilus microplus (Can.) and an assessment of its resistance spectrum. —Bull. ent. Res. 56, 389405.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Stone, B. F.. (1968). Inheritance of resistance to organophosphorus acaricides in the cattle tick, Boophilus microplus. —Aust. J. biol. Sci. 21, 309319.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Stone, B. F. & Haydock, K. P.. (1962). A method for measuring the acaricide-susceptibility of the cattle tick Boophilus microplus (Can.). —Bull. ent. Res. 53, 563578.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Walker, J. B.. (1974). The ixodid ticks of Kenya. A review of present knowledge of their hosts and distribution. —220 pp. London, Commonwealth Institute of Entomology.Google Scholar
Whitehead, G. B. & Baker, J. A. F.. (1961). Acaricide resistance in the red tick, Rhipicephalus evertsi Neumann. —Bull. ent. Res. 51, 755764.Google Scholar
Yeoman, G. H. & Walker, J. B.. (1967). The ixodid ticks of Tanzania. A study of the zoogeography of the Ixodidae of an East African country. —215 pp. London, Common-wealth Institute of Entomology.Google Scholar