Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-94fs2 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-04T17:12:49.421Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Spread and global population structure of the diamondback moth Plutella xylostella (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae) and its larval parasitoids Diadegma semiclausum and Diadegma fenestrale (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) based on mtDNA

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  30 August 2016

I. Juric ,
W. Salzburger  and
O. Balmer
I. Juric
Affiliation:
Research Institute of Organic Agriculture (FiBL), Ackerstrasse 21, 5070 Frick, Switzerland Zoological Institute, University of Basel, Vesalgasse 1, 4051 Basel, Switzerland
W. Salzburger
Affiliation:
Zoological Institute, University of Basel, Vesalgasse 1, 4051 Basel, Switzerland
O. Balmer*
Affiliation:
Research Institute of Organic Agriculture (FiBL), Ackerstrasse 21, 5070 Frick, Switzerland Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Socinstrasse 57, 4002 Basel, Switzerland
*
*Authors for correspondence Phone: +41 61 421 15 04 Fax: +41 61 284 81 01 E-mail: [email protected]
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

The diamondback moth (DBM) (Plutella xylostella) is one of the main pests of brassicaceous crops worldwide and shows resistance against a wide range of synthetic insecticides incurring millions of dollars in control costs every year. The DBM is a prime example of the introduction of an exotic species as a consequence of globalization. In this study we analyzed the genetic population structure of the DBM and two of its parasitic wasps, Diadegma semiclausum and Diadegma fenestrale, based on mitochondrial DNA sequences. We analyzed DBM samples from 13 regions worldwide (n = 278), and samples of the two wasp species from six European and African countries (n = 131), in an attempt to reconstruct the geographic origin and phylogeography of the DBM and its two parasitic wasps. We found high variability in COI sequences in the diamondback moth. Haplotype analysis showed three distinct genetic clusters, one of which could represent a cryptic species. Mismatch analysis confirmed the hypothesized recent spread of diamondback moths in North America, Australia and New Zealand. The highest genetic variability was found in African DBM samples. Our data corroborate prior claims of Africa as the most probable origin of the species but cannot preclude Asia as an alternative. No genetic variability was found in the two Diadegma species. The lack of variability in both wasp species suggests a very recent spread of bottlenecked populations, possibly facilitated by their use as biocontrol agents. Our data thus also contain no signals of host-parasitoid co-evolution.

Keywords

Cabbage pestparasitic waspCOIbiocontrolbiological controlprimers
Type
Research Papers
Information
Bulletin of Entomological Research , Volume 107 , Issue 2 , April 2017 , pp. 155 - 164
Check for updates
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2016 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Amend, J. & Basedow, T. (1997) Combining release/establishment of Diadegma semiclausum (Hellen) (Hym, Ichneumonidae) and Bacillus thuringiensis Berl for control of Plutella xylostella (L) (Lep, Yponomeutidae) and other Lepidopteran pests in the Cordillera region of Luzon (Philippines). Journal of Applied Entomology 121, 337–342.Google Scholar
Azidah, A.A., Fitton, M.G. & Quicke, D.L.J. (2000) Identification of the Diadegma species (Hymenoptera : Ichneumonidae, Campopleginae) attacking the diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella (Lepidoptera : Plutellidae). Bulletin of Entomological Research 90, 375–389.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Balmer, O., Pfiffner, L., Schied, J., Willareth, M., Leimgruber, A., Luka, H. & Traugott, M. (2013) Noncrop flowering plants restore top-down herbivore control in agricultural fields. Ecology and Evolution 3, 2634–2646.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Balmer, O., Géneau, C.E., Belz, E., Weishaupt, B., Förderer, G., Moos, S., Ditner, N., Juric, I. & Luka, H. (2014) Wildflower companion plants increase pest parasitation and yield in cabbage fields: experimental demonstration and call for caution. Biological Control 76, 19–27.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Carter, D.J. (1987) Pest lepidoptera of Europe with special reference to the British-Isles. Public Health 101, 481–481.Google Scholar
Delvare, G. (2004) The taxonomic status and role of Hymenoptera in biological control of DBM, Plutella xylostella (L.) (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae). pp. 17–49 in Kirk, A.A., Bordat, D. (Eds) Improving Biocontrol of Plutella xylostella. Proceedings of the International Symposium, 21–24 October 2002, Montpellier, France, CIRAD.Google Scholar
Dosdall, L.M., Mason, P.G., Olfert, O., Kaminski, L. & Keddie, B.A. (2004) The origins of infestations of diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella (L.), in canola in western Canada. pp. 95–100 in Endersby, N.M. & Ridland, P.M. (eds.), Proceedings of the 4th International Workshop on the Management of Diamondback Moth and Other Crucifer Pests, Melbourne, Australia, November 2001.Google Scholar
Ehler, L.E. (2006) Integrated pest management (IPM): definition, historical development and implementation, and the other IPM. Pest Management Science 62, 787–789.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Endersby, N.M., McKechnie, S.W., Ridland, P.M. & Weeks, A.R. (2006) Microsatellites reveal a lack of structure in Australian populations of the diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella (L.). Molecular Ecology 15, 107–118.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Excoffier, L. & Lischer, H.E. (2010) Arlequin suite ver 3.5: a new series of programs to perform population genetics analyses under Linux and Windows. Molecular and Ecology Resources 10, 564–567.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Folmer, O., Black, M., Hoeh, W., Lutz, R. & Vrijenhoek, R. (1994) DNA primers for amplification of mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I from diverse metazoan invertebrates. Molecular Marine Biology and Biotechnology 3, 294–299.Google ScholarPubMed
Furlong, M.J., Wright, D.J. & Dosdall, L.M. (2012) Diamondback moth ecology and management: problems, progress, and prospects. Annual Review of Entomology 2013, 58, 517–541.Google Scholar
Gichini, G., Lohr, B., Rossbach, A., Nyambo, B. & Gathu, R. (2008) Can low release numbers lead to establishment and spread of an exotic parasitoid: the case of the diamondback moth parasitoid, Diadegma semiclausum (Hellen), in East Africa. Crop Protection 27, 906–914.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hall, T.A. (1999) BioEdit: a user-friendly biological sequence alignment editor and analysis program for Windows 95/98/NT. Nucleic Acids Symposium Series 41, 95–98.Google Scholar
Hardy, J.E. (1938) Plutella maculipennis, Curt., its natural and biological control in England. Bulletin of Entomological Research 29, 343–372.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Harpending, H.C. (1994) Signature of ancient population growth in a low-resolution mitochondrial DNA mismatch distribution. Human Biology 66, 591–600.Google Scholar
Juric, I., Salzburger, W., Luka, H. & Balmer, O. (2015) Molecular markers for Diadegma (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) species distinction and their use to study the effects of companion plants on biocontrol of the diamondback moth. BioControl 60, 179–187.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kfir, R. (1997) The diamondback moth with special reference to its parasitoids in South Africa. pp. 54–60 in Sivapragasam, A., Loke, W.H., Hussan, A.K. & Lim, G.S. (Eds) The Management of Diamondback Moth and Other Crucifer Pests, Proceedings of the Third International Workshop, 29 October – 1 November 1996, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, Malaysian Agricultural Research and Development Institute (MARDI).Google Scholar
Li, J.H., Zhao, F., Choi, Y.S., Kim, I., Sohn, H.D. & Jin, B.R. (2006) Genetic variation in the diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella (Lepidoptera : Yponomeutidae) in China inferred from mitochondrial COI gene sequence. European Journal of Entomology 103, 605–611.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Librado, P. & Rozas, J. (2009) DnaSP v5: A software for comprehensive analysis of DNA polymorphism data. Bioinformatics 25, 1451–1452.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Liu, S.S., Wang, X.G., Guo, S.J., He, J.H. & Shi, Z.H. (2000) Seasonal abundance of the parasitoid complex associated with the diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella (Lepidoptera : Plutellidae) in Hangzhou, China. Bulletin of Entomological Research 90, 221–231.Google Scholar
Pearse, D.E. & Crandall, K.A. (2004) Beyond F(ST): Analysis of population genetic data for conservation. Conservation Genetics 5, 585–602.Google Scholar
Pichon, A., Arvanitakis, L., Roux, O., Kirk, A.A., Alauzet, C., Bordat, D. & Legal, L. (2006) Genetic differentiation among various populations of the diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella (Lepidoptera: Yponomeutidae). Bulletin of Entomological Research 96, 137–144.Google Scholar
R Development Core Team (2009) R: A Language and Environment for Statistical Computing Vienna, Austria.Google Scholar
Roux, O., Gevrey, M., Arvanitakis, L., Gers, C., Bordat, D. & Legal, L. (2007) ISSR-PCR: tool for discrimination and genetic structure analysis of Plutella xylostella populations native to different geographical areas. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 43, 240–250.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Salzburger, W., Ewing, G.B. & Von Haeseler, A. (2011) The performance of phylogenetic algorithms in estimating haplotype genealogies with migration. Molecular Ecology 20, 1952–1963.Google Scholar
Sarfraz, M., Keddie, A.B. & Dosdall, L.M. (2005) Biological control of the diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella: a review. Biocontrol Science and Technology 15, 763–789.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Shelton, A.M. (2004) Management of the diamondback moth: déja vu all over again? pp. 3–8 in Endersby, N.M., & Ridland, P.M. (Eds) The Management of Diamondback Moth and Other Crucifer Pests. Proceedings of the Fourth International Workshop, 26/29 November 2001. Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia, Department of Natural Resources and Environment.Google Scholar
Sun, C.N., Wu, T.K., Chen, J.S. & Lee, W.T. (1986) Insecticide resistance in diamondback moth Diamondback Moth Management. Proceedings of the First International Workshop, Tainan, Taiwan, 11–15 March, 1985.Google Scholar
Talekar, N.S. & Shelton, A.M. (1993) Biology, ecology, and management of the diamondback moth. Annual Review of Entomology 38, 275–301.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tamura, K., Peterson, D., Peterson, N., Stecher, G., Nei, M. & Kumar, S. (2011) MEGA5: molecular evolutionary genetics analysis using maximum likelihood, evolutionary distance, and maximum parsimony methods. Molecular Biology and Evolution 28, 2731–2739.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Templeton, A.R. (1993) The Eve Hypotheses - a Genetic Critique and Reanalysis. American Anthropologist 95, 51–72.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Traugott, M., Zangerl, P., Juen, A., Schallhart, N. & Pfiffner, L. (2006) Detecting key parasitoids of lepidopteran pests by multiplex PCR. Biological Control 39, 39–46.Google Scholar
Ullyett, G.C. (1947) Host adoption by hymenopterous parasites. Journal of the Entomological Society of Southern Africa 9, 236–237.Google Scholar
Vaughan, J.G. (1977) Multidisciplinary study of taxonomy and origin of brassica crops. Bioscience 27, 35–40.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wäckers, F.L., van Rijn, P.C.J. & Bruin, J. (2005) Plant-provided Food for Carnivorous Insects: A Protective Mutualism and its Applications. UK, Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wagener, B., Reineke, A., Lohr, B. & Zebitz, C.P.W. (2006) Phylogenetic study of Diadegma species (Hymenoptera : Ichneumonidae) inferred from analysis of mitochondrial and nuclear DNA sequences. Biological Control 37, 131–140.Google Scholar
Wei, S.J., Shi, B.C., Gong, Y.J., Jin, G.H., Chen, X.X. & Meng, X.F. (2013) Genetic structure and demographic history reveal migration of the diamondback moth Plutella xylostella (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae) from the Southern to Northern Regions of China. PLoS ONE 8, e59654.Google ScholarPubMed
Supplementary material: File

Juric supplementary material

Supplementary Table and Figure

Download Juric supplementary material(File)
File 478.2 KB