Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-7cvxr Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-31T22:57:58.041Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Responses to electrified targets and daily activity of Stomoxys spp. (Diptera: Muscidae) in Zimbabwe

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  10 July 2009

S. Schofield
S. Schofield*
Affiliation:
Department of Biology, Imperial College of Science and Technology, London, UK
*
*Trent University, Peterborough, Ontarion, k9J 7B8, Canada. Fax: +1 (705) 748 1205 E-mail: [email protected]
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Responses of Stomoxys spp. to electrified targets (1 × 1 m) that differed in pattern and colour were investigated over a three month period at Rekomitjie Research Station, Zimbabwe. In the first experiment, a target baited with a blue and black cloth insert caught more flies (315 ± 117) than a target baited with blue cloth insert (202 ± 69). Next, a blue-cloth baited target caught more flies (491 ± 150) than a black-cloth baited target (164 ± 69) and a target containing a cloth with a black diamond on a blue background caught more flies (997 ± 326) than a target containing a cloth with a black square on a blue background (680 ± 125). Finally, a target fitted with a cloth consisting of a vertically oriented black stripe on a blue background caught almost three times as many flies (1366 ± 356) as a target fitted with a cloth consisting of a horizontally oriented black stripe on a blue background (545 ± 150). Hourly collections of Stomoxys spp. from a blue and black target, baited with and without carbon dioxide, indicated that daily activity was bimodal, with a small morning peak and a large late afternoon peak.

Type
Original Articles
Information
Bulletin of Entomological Research , Volume 88 , Issue 6 , December 1998 , pp. 627 - 632
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 1998

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Berry, I.L. & Campbell, J.B. (1985) Time and weather effects on daily feeding patterns of stable flies (Diptera: Muscidae). Environmental Entomology 14, 336–342.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Brady, J. & Shereni, W. (1988) Landing responses of the tsetse fly Glossina morsitans morsitans Westwood and the stable fly Stomoxys calcitrans (L.) (Diptera: Glossinidae & Muscidae) to black-and-white patterns: a laboratory study. Bulletin of Entomological Research 78, 301–311.Google Scholar
Broce, A.B. (1988) An improved Alsynite trap for stable flies, (Diptera: Muscidae). Journal of Medical Entomology 25, 406–409.Google ScholarPubMed
Broce, A.B., Schwenke, J.R. & Hampton, K.E. (1991) Landing pattern of stable flies (Diptera: Muscidae) on the Alsynite cylinder trap: effect of wind speed and direction. Journal of Medical Entomology 28, 730–733.Google ScholarPubMed
Charlwood, J.D. & Lopes, J. (1980) The age structure and biting behaviour of Stomoxys calcitrans (Diptera: Muscidae) from Manaus, Brazil. Bulletin of Entomological Research 70, 549–556.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Crawley, M.J. (1993) GLIM for ecologists. Oxford, Blackwell Scientific Publications.Google Scholar
Flint, S. (1985) A comparison of traps for Glossina spp. (Glossinidae) and other Diptera. Bulletin of Entomological Research 75, 529–534.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Green, C.H. (1994) Bait methods for tsetse control. Advances in Parasitology 34, 229–291.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hargrove, J.W. & Brady, J. (1992) Activity rhythms of tsetse flies (Glossina spp.) at low and high temperature in nature. Bulletin of Entomological Research 82, 321–326.Google Scholar
Harley, J.M.B. (1965) Seasonal abundance and diurnal variations in activity of Stomoxys and Tabanidae in Uganda. Bulletin of Entomological Research 56, 319–332.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Holloway, M.T.P. & Phelps, R.J. (1991) The responses of Stomoxys spp. (Diptera: Muscidae) to traps and artificial host odours in the field. Bulletin of Entomological Research 81, 51–55.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kangwagye, T.N. (1974) Diurnal and nocturnal biting activity of flies (Diptera) in western Uganda. Bulletin of Entomological Research 63, 17–29.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kunz, S.E. & Monty, J. (1976) Biology and ecology of Stomoxys nigra Maquart and Stomoxys calcitrans (L.) (Diptera: Muscidae) in Mauritius. Bulletin of Entomological Research 66, 745–755.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
LaBrecque, G.C., Bailey, D.L., Meifert, D.W. & Weidhaas, D.E. (1975) Density estimates and daily mortality rate evaluations of stable fly (Stomoxys calcitrans (Diptera: Muscidae) populations in field cages. Canadian Entomologist 10, 597–600.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mihok, S., Kang'ethe, E.K.E Githaiga, K.K. (1995) Trials of traps and attractants for Stomoxys spp. (Diptera: Muscidae). Journal of Medical Entomology 32, 283–289.Google ScholarPubMed
Mihok, S., Maramba, O., Munkoyi, E. & Saleh, K. (1996) Phrenology of Stomoxyinae in a Kenyan forest. Medical and Veterinary Entomology 10, 305–316.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Patterson, R.S. (1989) Biology and ecology of Stomoxys nigra and S. calcitrans on Zanzibar, Tanzania. Entomological Society of America, Miscellaneous Publications No. 74, 1–11.Google Scholar
Payne, C.D. (1987) The GLIM® system release 3.77 manual – edition 2. Oxford, Numerical Algorhythms Group Ltd.Google Scholar
Schofield, S. (1996) Visual and olfactory responses of the stable fly PhD dissertation, Imperial College, University of London.Google Scholar
Schofield, S. & Brady, J. (1996) Circadian activity pattern in the stable fly, Stomoxys calcitrans. Physiological Entomology 21, 159–163.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Schofield, S. & Brady, J. (1997) Effects of carbon dioxide, acetone and octenol on the flight responses of the stable fly, Stomoxys calcitrans, in a wind tunnel. Physiological Entomology 22, 380–386.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Schofield, S., Witty, C., & Brady, J. (1997) Effects of carbon dioxide, acetone and 1 -octen-3-ol on the activity of the stable fly, Stomoxys calcitrans. Physiological Entomology 22, 256–260.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Simmonds, S.W. (1944) Observations on the biology of the stable fly in Florida. Journal of Economic Entomology 37, 680–686.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Thompson, M.C. (1987) The effect on tsetse flies (Glossina spp.) of deltamethrin applied to cattle either as a spray or incorporated into ear-tags. Tropical Pest Management 33, 329–335.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Torr, S.J.(1987) The host-orientation behaviour in tsetse flies (Diptera: Glossinidae). PhD dissertation, Imperial College, University of London.Google Scholar
Vale, G.A. (1974) New field methods for studying the responses of tsetse flies (Diptera: Glossinidae) to hosts. Bulletin of Entomological Research 64, 199–208.Google Scholar
Vale, G.A. (1993) Visual responses of tsetse flies (Diptera: Glossinidae) to odour-baited targets. Bulletin of Entomological Research 83, 277–289.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Vale, G. & Hargrove, J.W. (1979) A method of studying the efficiency of traps for tsetse flies, Glossina spp. (Diptera: Glossinidae), and other insects. Bulletin of Entomological Research 69, 183–193.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Warnes, M.L. (1984) Olfactory responses of host-location behaviour in the stable fly (Stomoxys calcitrans (L.)). PhD thesis, University of Birmingham.Google Scholar
Williams, D.F. (1973) Sticky traps for sampling populations of Stomoxys calcitrans, Journal of Economic Entomology 66, 1279–1280.Google ScholarPubMed
Willemse, L.P.M. & Takken, W. (1994) Odor-induced host location in tsetse flies. Journal of Medical Entomology 94, 775–794.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Zumpt, F. (1973) The stomoxyine biting flies of the world. Gustav Fischer Verlag.Google Scholar