Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-rcrh6 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-23T01:08:47.267Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Response to host density by the parasitoid Dolichogenidea tasmanica (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) and the influence of grapevine variety

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  23 October 2013

C.A. Paull ,
N.A. Schellhorn  and
A.D. Austin
C.A. Paull*
Affiliation:
Centre for Evolutionary Biology and Biodiversity, School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia CSIRO Ecosystem Sciences, GPO Box 2583, Brisbane, QLD 4001, Australia
N.A. Schellhorn
Affiliation:
CSIRO Ecosystem Sciences, GPO Box 2583, Brisbane, QLD 4001, Australia
A.D. Austin
Affiliation:
Centre for Evolutionary Biology and Biodiversity, School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
*
*Author for correspondence Phone: +61 7 38335661 Fax: +61 7 38335504 E-mail: [email protected]
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Natural enemies that respond to prey in a density-dependent manner may be able to quickly suppress pest populations before they reach economically damaging levels. Although it is primarily the combination of a natural enemy's functional response and a population numerical response that will influence the maximum number of pests attacked, other factors may influence a density-dependent response. We conducted large-scale field experiments, both artificially inoculating grapevines with larvae and using naturally occurring populations, to quantify and characterize the response of a parasitoid, Dolichogenidea tasmanica (Cameron) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) to different densities of its host, the pest of grapevines, Epiphyas postvittana (Walker) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae). We showed that the response of D. tasmanica to the density of E. postvittana was inversely density-dependent, and that the degree of parasitism was consistently and significantly higher in the grape variety Cabernet Sauvignon compared with Chardonnay. While the significant effect of variety on the degree of parasitism may provide an option for increasing the parasitism of E. postvittana by D. tasmanica, it also highlights how differences in host plant can influence trophic interactions.

Keywords

density-dependenceEpiphyas postvittanagrapevinesTortricidaemulti-trophic interactions
Type
Research Paper
Information
Bulletin of Entomological Research , Volume 104 , Issue 1 , February 2014 , pp. 79 - 87
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2013 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Baker, G.J. & Lang, D.I. (1983) The integrated control of light brown apple moth Epiphyas postvittana (Walker) (Lepidoptera : Tortricidae) on grapevines in South Australia. Technical Paper No. 3. Department of Agriculture, South Australia. pp. 1–35.Google Scholar
Bell, V., Brightwell, R.J. & Lester, P.J. (2006) Increasing vineyard floral resources may not enhance localised biological control of the leafroller Epiphyas postvittana (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) by Dolichogenidea spp (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) parasitoids. Biocontrol Science and Technology 16, 1031–1042.Google Scholar
Berndt, L.A. & Wratten, S.D. (2005) Effects of alyssum flowers on the longevity, fecundity, and sex ratio of the leafroller parasitoid Dolichogenidea tasmanica . Biological Control 32, 65–69.Google Scholar
Bezemer, T.M. & Mills, N.J. (2001) Host density responses of Mastrus ridibundus, a parasitoid of the codling moth, Cydia pomonella . Biological Control 22, 169–175.Google Scholar
Bianchi, F.J.J.A., Schellhorn, N.A. & Cunningham, S.A. (2012) Habitat functionality for the ecosystem service of pest control: reproduction and feeding sites of pests and natural enemies. Agriculture and Forest Entomology 15, 22–23.Google Scholar
Buchanan, G.A. & Amos, T.G. (1988) Grape pests. pp. 209–231 in Coombe, B.G. & Dry, P.R. (Eds) Viticulture. Vol. 2. Adelaide, Winetitles.Google Scholar
Cappuccino, N. (1995) Novel approaches to the study of population dynamics. pp. 3–17 in Cappuccino, N. & Price, P.W. (Eds) Population Dynamics: New Approaches and Synthesis. San Diego, Academic Press.Google Scholar
Casas, J. (2000) Host location and selection in the field. pp. 17–26 in Hochberg, M.E. & Ives, A.R. (Eds) Parasitoid Population Biology. Princeton, New Jersey, Princeton University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cate, J., Ridgway, R. & Lingren, P. (1972) Effects of systemic insecticides applied to cotton on adults of an Ichneumonid parasite Campoletis perdistinctus . Journal of Economic Entomology 65, 484–488.Google Scholar
Connor, E.F. & Cargain, M.J. (1994) Density-related foraging behaviour in Closterocerus tricinctus, a parasitoid of the leaf-mining moth, Cameraria hamadryadella . Ecological Entomology 19, 327–334.Google Scholar
Cronin, J.T. & Strong, D.R. (1990) Density-independent parasitism among host patches by Anagrus delicatus (Hymenoptera: Mymaridae): experimental manipulation of hosts. Journal of Animal Ecology 59, 1019–1026.Google Scholar
Daane, K.M. & Williams, L.E. (2003) Manipulating vineyard irrigation amounts to reduce insect pest damage. Ecological Applications 13, 1650–1666.Google Scholar
Danthanarayana, W. (1980) Parasitism of the light brown apple moth, Epiphyas postvittana (Walker), by its larval ectoparasite, Goniozus jacintae Farrugia (Hymenoptera : Bethylidae), in natural populations in Victoria. Australian Journal of Zoology 28, 685–692.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Danthanarayana, W. (1983) Population ecology of the light brown apple moth, Epiphyas postvittana (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae). Journal of Animal Ecology 52, 1–33.Google Scholar
Danthanarayana, W., Farrugia, D. & Gauld, I.D. (1977) Studies on the biology and systematic position of a new species of ichneumonid parasitising the light brown apple moth, Epiphyas postvittana (Walker) (Lepidoptera:Tortricidae), in Australia. Bulletin of Entomological Research 67, 607–617.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dempster, J.P. & Mc Lean, I.F.G. (1998) Introduction to insect populations in theory and in practice. pp. 13–18 in Dempster, J.P. & Mc Lean, I.F.G. (Eds) Insect Populations in Theory and in Practice:19th Symposium of the Royal Entomological Society 10–11 September 1997. Dordrecht, Kluwer Academic Publishers.Google Scholar
Faeth, S.H. & Bultman, T.L. (1985) Interacting effects of increased tannin levels on leaf mining insects. Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata 40, 297–301.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ferguson, K.L. (1995) Association of Botrytis bunch rot with lightbrown apple moth in Department of Crop Protection. Adelaide, The University of Adelaide.Google Scholar
Figuerola, J., Green, A.J. & Santamaria, L. (2002) Comparative dispersal effectiveness of wigeongrass seeds by waterfowl wintering in south-west Spain: quantitative and qualitative aspects. Journal of Ecology 90, 989–1001.Google Scholar
Godfray, H.C.J., Hassell, M.P. & Holt, R.D. (1994) The population-dynamic consequences of phenological asynchrony between parasitoids and their hosts. Journal of Animal Ecology 63, 1–10.Google Scholar
Hassell, M.P. (2000) Host-parasitoid population dynamics. Journal of Animal Ecology 69, 543–566.Google Scholar
Hawkins, B.A. & Sheehan, W. (1994) Parasitoid Community Ecology. Oxford, Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Heimpel, G.E. & Rosenheim, J.A. (1998) Egg limitation in parasitoids: a review of the evidence and a case study. Biological Control 11, 160–168.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hilker, M. & McNeil, J. (2008) Chemical and behavioural ecology in insect parasitoids: how to behave optimally in a complex odorous environment. pp. 92–112 in Wajnberg, E., Bernstein, C. & Van Alphen, J. (Eds) Behavioural Ecology of Insect Parasitoids from Theoretical Approaches to Field Applications. Oxford, Blackwell Publishing.Google Scholar
Hodge, S. & Longley, M. (2000) The irritant and repellent effects of organophosphates on the Tasmanian lacewing Micromus tasmaniae (Neuroptera: Hemerobiidae). Pest Management Science 56, 916–920.Google Scholar
Holling, C.S. (1959) Some characteristics of simple types of predation and parasitism. Canadian Entomologist 91, 385–398.Google Scholar
Holling, C.S. (1961) Principles of insect predation. Annual Review of Entomology 6, 163–182.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Holyoak, M. (1993) New insights into testing for density dependence. Oecologia 93, 435–440.Google Scholar
Huffaker, C.B., Messenger, P.S. & Adkisson, P.L. (1976) Theory and Practice of Biological Control. New York, Academic Press.Google Scholar
Jervis, M.A., Lee, J.C. & Heimpel, G.E. (2004) Use of behavioural and life-history studies to understand the effects of habitat manipulation. pp. 65–100 in Gurr, G., Wratten, S.D. & Altieri, M.A. (Eds) Ecological Engineering for Pest Management: Advances in Habitat Manipulation for Arthropods. Collingwood, CSIRO Publishing.Google Scholar
Kalule, T. & Wright, D.J. (2004) The influence of cultivar and cultivar-aphid odours on the olfactory response of the parasitoid Aphidius colemani . Journal of Applied Entomology 128, 120–125.Google Scholar
Keller, M., Rogiers, S.Y. & Schultz, H.R. (2003) Nitrogen and ultraviolet radiation modify grapevines’ susceptibility to powdery mildew. Vitis 42, 87–94.Google Scholar
Krebs, C.J. (1994) Ecology: The Experimental Analysis of Distribution and Abundance. New York, Harper Collins College Publishers.Google Scholar
Kruess, A. & Tscharntke, T. (2000) Species richness and parasitism in a fragmented landscape: experiments and field studies with insects on Vicia sepium . Oecologia 122, 129–137.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Levins, R. & Schultz, B.B. (1996) Effects of density dependence, feedback and environmental sensitivity on correlations among predators, prey and plant resources: models and practical implications. Journal of Animal Ecology 65, 802–812.Google Scholar
Moreau, J., Richard, A., Benrey, B. & Thiery, D. (2009) Host plant cultivar of the grapevine moth Lobesia botrana affects the life history traits of an egg parasitoid. Biological Control 50, 117–122.Google Scholar
Murdoch, W.W. & Briggs, C.J. (1996) Theory for biological control: recent developments. Ecology 77, 2001–2013.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Murphy, B.C., Rosenheim, J.A., Dowell, R.V. & Granett, J. (1998) Habitat diversification tactic for improving biological control: parasitism of the western grape leafhopper. Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata 87, 225–235.Google Scholar
Newton, P.J. (1988) Inversely density-dependent egg parasitism in patchy distributions of the citrus pest Cryptophlebia leucotreta (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) and its agricultural efficiency. Journal of Applied Ecology 25, 145–162.Google Scholar
Paull, C. (2007) The ecology of key arthropods for the management of Epiphyas postvittana (Walker) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) in Coonawarra vineyards, South Australia. PhD Thesis, Vol. 130. School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide.Google Scholar
Paull, C. & Austin, A.D. (2006) The hymenopteran parasitoids of light brown apple moth, Epiphyas postvittana (Walker) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) in Australia. Australian Journal of Entomology 45, 142–156.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pedersen, A. (2005) Likelihood Ratio Tests 2005. Center for Biological Sequence Analysis, Technical University of Denmark, Denmark. Retrieved from http://www.cbs.dtu.dk/dtucourse/cookbooks/gorm/27615/lrt.php.Google Scholar
Price, P.W. (1997) Insect Ecology. New York, John Wiley and Sons.Google Scholar
Pulliam, H.R. (1988) Sources and sinks, and population regulation. American Naturalist 132, 652–661.Google Scholar
Ray, C. & Hastings, A. (1996) Density dependence: are we searching at the wrong spatial scale? Journal of Animal Ecology 65, 556–566.Google Scholar
Rosenheim, J.A. (2001) Source-sink dynamics for a generalist insect predator in habitats with strong higher-order predation. Ecological Monographs 71, 93–116.Google Scholar
SAS (2000) SAS/STAT Software: User's Guide: Statistics. Cary, North Carolina, USA: SAS Institute.Google Scholar
Solomon, M.E. (1949) The control of animal populations. Journal of Animal Ecology 18, 1–35.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Southwood, T.R.E. & Way, M.J. (1970) Ecological background to pest management. pp. 6–29 in Rabb, R.L. & Guthrie, F.E. (Eds) Concepts of Pest Management. Raleigh, North Carolina State University Press.Google Scholar
Suckling, D.M., Burnip, G.M., Gibb, A.R., Daly, J.M. & Armstrong, K.F. (2001) Plant and host effects on the leafroller parasitoid Dolichogenidia tasmanica . Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata 100, 253–260.Google Scholar
Sugiura, S. & Osawa, N. (2002) Temporal response of parasitoids to the density of the leafroller Eudemis gyrotis (Lepidoptera : Tortricidae) on bayberry Myrica rubra (Myricaceae). Environmental Entomology 31, 988–994.Google Scholar
Thomson, L.J., Glenn, D.C. & Hoffmann, A.A. (2000) Effects of sulphur on Trichogramma egg parasitoids in vineyards: measuring toxic effects and establishing release windows. Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 40, 1165–1171.Google Scholar
Tillman, P. (1996) Functional response of Microplitis croceipes and Cardiochile nigriceps (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) to variation in density of tobacco budworm (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). Biological Control 25, 524–528.Google Scholar
Tscharntke, T. & Kruess, A. (1999) Habitat fragmentation and biological control. pp. 3–21 in Hawkins, B.A. & Cornell, H.V. (Eds) Theoretical Approaches to Biological Control. Cambridge, UK, Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Umbanhower, J., Maron, J. & Harrison, S. (2003) Density-dependent foraging behaviors in a parasitoid lead to density-dependent parasitism of its host. Oecologia 137, 123–130.Google Scholar
van Driesche, R.G., Mason, J.L., Wright, S.E. & Prokopy, R.J. (1998) Effect of reduced insecticide and fungicide use on parasitism of leafminers (Phyllonorycter spp.) (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae) in commercial apple orchards. Environmental Entomology 27, 578–582.Google Scholar
Waage, J.K. (1983) Aggregation in field parasitoid populations: foraging time allocation by a population of Diadegma (Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae). Ecological Entomology 8, 447–453.Google Scholar
Wäckers, F. (1994) Visual cues in food and host-foraging by hymenopterous parasitoids. Norwegian Journal of Agricultural Sciences Supplement 16, 347–352.Google Scholar
Walde, S.J. & Murdoch, W.W. (1988) Spatial density dependence in parasitoids. Annual Review of Entomology 33, 441–466.Google Scholar
Williams, D.W. & Liebhold, A.M. (2000) Spatial scale and the detection of density dependence in spruce budworm outbreaks in eastern North America. Oecologia 124, 544–552.Google Scholar
With, K.A., Pavuk, D.M., Worchuck, J.L., Oates, R.K. & Fisher, J.L. (2002) Threshold effects of landscape structure on biological control in agroecosystems. Ecological Applications 12, 52–65.Google Scholar
Xuéreb, A. & Thiéry, D. (2006) Does natural larvae parasitism of Lobesia botrana (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) vary between years, generation, density of the host and vine cultivar? Bulletin of Entomological Research 96, 105–110.Google Scholar
Zar, J.H. (1996) Biostatistical Analysis. Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey, Prentice-Hall.Google Scholar