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Preliminary investigation of the mechanisms of DDT and pyrethroid resistance in Culex quinquefasciatus Say (Diptera: Culicidae) from Saudi Arabia

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  10 July 2009

A. M. Amin  and
J. Hemingway
A. M. Amin
Affiliation:
Department of Parasitology, College of Medicine and Allied Sciences, King Abdul Aziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
J. Hemingway*
Affiliation:
Department of Entomology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, Gower Street, London, WC1E 7HT, UK
*
*To whom all correspondence should be sent.
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Abstract

High levels (>1000-fold) of resistance to DDT, permethrin and deltamethrin were detected in Culex quinquefasciatus Say from Saudi Arabia. Biochemical enzyme and metabolic studies indicated that there is evidence for a metabolic basis to both the organochlorine and pyrethroid resistances. Electrophysiological studies indicated that there is no kdr-type mechanism conferring resistance to the pyrethroid lambda-cyhalothrin neurophysiologically, although there is evidence of cross-resistance between DDT and the pyrethroids by bioassays. There was a change in the oxidase system in both the DDT- and permethrin-selected strains and an increase in glutathione transferase activity in the DDT-selected line. Metabolic studies indicated that both oxidases and glutathione transferases are involved with DDT resistance as DDA and DDE were the predominant metabolites after a 5-h in-vitro incubation period. Permethrin resistance is likely to involve an increase in oxidative degradation, but further metabolic studies are needed to confirm this.

Type
Original Articles
Information
Bulletin of Entomological Research , Volume 79 , Issue 3 , September 1989 , pp. 361 - 366
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 1989

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