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Population genetic structure and Wolbachia infection in an endangered butterfly, Zizina emelina (Lepidoptera, Lycaenidae), in Japan

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  12 December 2014

Y. Sakamoto ,
N. Hirai ,
T. Tanikawa ,
M. Yago  and
M. Ishii
Y. Sakamoto*
Affiliation:
Entomological Laboratory, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, Sakai, Osaka 599-8531, Japan
N. Hirai
Affiliation:
Entomological Laboratory, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, Sakai, Osaka 599-8531, Japan
T. Tanikawa
Affiliation:
Entomological Laboratory, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, Sakai, Osaka 599-8531, Japan
M. Yago
Affiliation:
The University Museum, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
M. Ishii
Affiliation:
Entomological Laboratory, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, Sakai, Osaka 599-8531, Japan
*
*Author for correspondence Phone: +81-29-850-2480 Fax: +81-29-850-2480 E-mail: [email protected]
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Abstract

Zizina emelina (de l'Orza) is listed on Japan's Red Data List as an endangered species because of loss of its principal food plant and habitat. We compared parts of the mitochondrial and nuclear genes of this species to investigate the level of genetic differentiation among the 14 extant populations. We also examined infection of the butterfly with the bacterium Wolbachia to clarify the bacterium's effects on the host population's genetic structure. Mitochondrial and nuclear DNA analyses revealed that haplotype composition differed significantly among most of the populations, and the fixation index FST was positively correlated with geographic distance. In addition, we found three strains of Wolbachia, one of which was a male killer; these strains were prevalent in several populations. There was linkage between some host mitochondrial haplotypes and the three Wolbachia strains, although no significant differences were found in a comparison of host mitochondrial genetic diversity with nuclear genetic diversity in Wolbachia-infected or -uninfected populations. These genetic analyses and Wolbachia infection findings show that Z. emelina has little migratory activity and that little gene flow occurs among the current populations.

Keywords

genetic structuremale killingmitochondrial DNAWolbachiaZizina emelina
Type
Research Papers
Information
Bulletin of Entomological Research , Volume 105 , Issue 2 , April 2015 , pp. 152 - 165
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Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2014 

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