Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-rcrh6 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-26T03:36:06.617Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Organophosphorus insecticide resistance in a new strain of Culex quinquefasciatus (Diptera: Culicidae) from Tanga, Tanzania

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  10 July 2009

A. Khayrandish  and
R.J. Wood
A. Khayrandish
Affiliation:
Department of Environmental Biology, University of Manchester, UK
R.J. Wood*
Affiliation:
Department of Environmental Biology, University of Manchester, UK
*
Correspondence: Dr Roger J. Wood, Manchester University, Department of Environmental Biology, Williamson Building, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Fourth instar larvae of a new strain of Culex quinquefasciatus Say from Tanzania (TANGA) were tested for insecticide resistance. Initially, the resistance ratio (RR) to chlorpyrifos was 41.8, to temephos 30.8, to propoxur 3.7. After 2–3 years of laboratory culture, resistance to chlorpyrifos and propoxur had declined (chlorpyrifos 5.7, 3.8; propoxur 1.9, permethrin 1.9). Significant synergism was found between s, s, s-tributyl trithiophosphate (DEF) and chlorphyrifos, reducing the RR from 8.0 to 2.5. Synergism between piperonyl butoxide and permethrin was less than in a susceptible control strain. Twelve esterase isozymes of different relative mobilities (Rm) on polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis were identified, ten of which remained when the strain was reinvestigated two years (approximately 32 generations) later. Null activity for all but one of these bands was observed in some larvae. Four esterase bands (Rm 0.25, 0.27, 0.31, 0.34, designated A2, A3, B2, B3) showed polymorphism in activity, with very intense bands in some larvae. The mean frequency of bands with activity greater than standard, declined as organophosphorus (OP) resistance declined, but resistance was unconnected with the frequency of nulls at these positions. In mass larval assays of in vitro sensitivity of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) to propoxur, the I50 exceeded 10x10−4M, compared with 0.1x10−4M in a reverted resistant strain (RANGOON). Single larvel assays revealed heterogeneity, which was interpreted on the basis of an AChE resistance allele (AceR) with a frequency of 0.23.

Type
Research Article
Information
Bulletin of Entomological Research , Volume 83 , Issue 1 , March 1993 , pp. 67 - 74
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 1993

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Bisset, J.A., Rodrigues, M.M., Diaz, C., Ortiz, E., Marquetti, M.C. & Hemingway, J.. (1990) The mechanisms of organophosphate and carbamate resistance in Culex quinquefasciatus (Diptera: Culicidae) from Cuba. Bulletin of Entomological Research 80, 245–250.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bonning, B.C., Hemingway, J., Romi, R. & Majori, G.. (1991) Interaction of insecticide resistance genes in field populations of Culex pipiens (Diptera: Culicidae) from Italy in response to changing insecticide selection pressure. Bulletin of Entomological Research 81, 5–10.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Brogdon, W.G. & Barber, A.M.. (1987) Microplate assay of acetylcholinesterase inhibition kinetics in single mosquito homogenates. Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology 29, 252–259.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Brogdon, W.G. & Barber, A.M.. (1990) Microplate assay for glutathione-S-transferase activity for resistance detection in single-mosquito triturates. Comparative Biochemistry Physiology, B: Comparative Biochemistry 96B, 339–342.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Brown, A.W.A.. (1986) Insecticide resistance in mosquitoes. Journal of the American Mosquito Control Association 2, 123–140.Google ScholarPubMed
Callaghan, A.. (1989) Genetic and biochemical studies of elevated esterase electrophoresis in Culex pipiens. PhD Thesis, University of London, UK.Google Scholar
Curtis, C.F. & Pasteur, N.. (1981) Organophosphate resistance in vector populations of the complex of Culex pipiens L. Bulletin of Entomological Research 71, 153–161.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Devonshire, A.L. & Field, L.M.. (1991) Gene amplification and insecticide resistance. Annual Review of Entomology 36, 1–23.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Devonshire, A.L. & Moores, G.D.. (1982) A carboxylesterase with broad substrate specificity causes organophosphorus, carbamate and pyrethroid resistance in peach potato aphids (Myzus persicae). Biochemistry and Physiology 18, 235–246.Google Scholar
Elman, L., Courtney, K.D., Andre, V. & Featherstone, R.M.. (1961) A new and rapid colorimetric determination of acetylcholinesterase activity. Biochemical Pharmacology 7, 88–95.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hemingway, J., Smith, C., Jayawardena, K.G.I. & Herath, P.R.J.. (1986) Field and laboratory detection of the altered acetylcholinesterase resistance genes which confer organophosphate and carbamate resistance in mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae). Bulletin of Entomological Research 76, 559–565.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Khayrandish, A.. (1991) Genetical and biochemical investigation of multiple insecticide resistance in mosquitoes of the Culex pipiens Complex (Diptera: Culicidae). PhD Thesis University of Manchester, UK.Google Scholar
Khayrandish, A. & Wood, R.J.. (1993) A multiple basis for insecticide resistance in a strain of Culex quinquefasciatus (Diptera: Culicidae) from Muheza Tanzania, studied as resistance declined. Bulletin of Entomological Research 83, 75–86.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Litchfield, J.J. & Wilcoxon, F.. (1949) A simplified-method of evaluating dose effect experiments. Journal of Pharmacological and Experimental Therapeutics 96, 99–113.Google ScholarPubMed
Peiris, H.T.R. & Hemingway, J.. (1990) Mechanisms of insecticide resistance in a temephos selected Culex quinquefasciatus (Diptera: Culicidae) strain from Sri Lanka. Bulletin of Entomological Research 80, 453–457.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Quenouille, M.H.. (1950) Introductory statistics. 248 pp. London, Pergamon.Google Scholar
Raymond, M., Gave, B., Pasteur, N. & Sinègre, G.. (1985) Etude des mechanismes de la résistance aux insecticides organophosphorus à partir de la sélection de quelques souches de Culex pipiens L. du sud de la France. Genetique, Selection, Evolution 17, 73–87.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Raymond, M., Callaghan, A., Fort, P. & Pasteur, N.. (1991) World-wide migration of amplified insecticide resistance genes in mosquitoes. Nature 350, 151–153.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tang, Z.H. & Wood, R.J.. (1986) Comparative study of resistance to organophosphate and carbamate insecticides in four strains of the Culex pipiens L. complex (Diptera: Culicidae). Bulletin of Entomological Research 76, 505–511.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tang, Z.H., Wood, R.J. & Cammack, S.L.. (1990) Acetylcholinesterase activity in organophosphorus and carbamate resistant and susceptible strains of the Culex pipiens complex. Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology 37, 192–199.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Villani, F. & Hemingway, J.. (1987) The detection and interaction of multiple organophosphorous and carbamate insecticide resistance genes in field populations of Culex pipiens from Italy. Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology 27, 218–228.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Villani, F., White, G.B., Curtis, C.F. & Miles, S.J.. (1983) Inheritance and activity of some esterases associated with organophosphate resistance in mosquitoes of the complex Culex pipiens L. (Diptera: Culicidae). Bulletin of Entomological Research 73, 153–170.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
White, G.B.. (1989) Lymphatic filariasis. In Geographical distribution of arthropod-borne diseases and their principal vectors. 134 pp. WHO unpublished document WHO/VBC/89.967.Google Scholar
WHO (1975) Instructions for determining the susceptibility or resistance of mosquito larvae to insecticides. World Health Organization unpublished document WHO/VBC/75.583.Google Scholar
WHO (1986) Resistance of vectors and reservoirs of disease to pesticides. Tenth report of expert committee on vector biology and control. World Health Organization Report Series 737, Geneva.Google Scholar