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Evaluation of diets from various maize hybrids reveals potential tolerance traits against Spodoptera littoralis (Boisd) as measured by developmental and digestive performance

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  27 September 2024

Shirin Alekaram Open the ORCID record for Shirin Alekaram [Opens in a new window] ,
Seyed Ali Hemmati Open the ORCID record for Seyed Ali Hemmati [Opens in a new window] ,
Masumeh Ziaee Open the ORCID record for Masumeh Ziaee [Opens in a new window]  and
Lukasz L. Stelinski Open the ORCID record for Lukasz L. Stelinski [Opens in a new window]
Shirin Alekaram
Affiliation:
Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran
Seyed Ali Hemmati*
Affiliation:
Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran
Masumeh Ziaee
Affiliation:
Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran
Lukasz L. Stelinski
Affiliation:
Department of Entomology and Nematology, Citrus Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Lake Alfred, FL, 33850, USA
*
Corresponding author: Seyed Ali Hemmati; Email: [email protected]
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Abstract

Spodoptera littoralis (Boisd) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) is a highly polyphagous insect that significantly reduces agricultural production of several food staples. We evaluated performance of S. littoralis on several meridic diets based on various maize hybrids, including Oteel, Simon, Valbum, SC703, and SC704. Growth, feeding behaviours, and activity of digestive enzymes of S. littoralis were examined under laboratory conditions. In addition, selected biochemical characteristics of maize hybrid seeds were evaluated, including starch, protein, anthocyanin, as well as phenolic and flavonoid contents, to examine relationships between plant properties and digestive performance of S. littoralis. Performance of S. littoralis on maize hybrids, as measured by nutritional indices, was related to both proteolytic and amylolytic activities quantified using gut extracts. Larval S. littoralis reared on SC703 exhibited the highest efficiency of conversion of digested food, while the lowest was recorded in those fed on the Oteel hybrid. S. littoralis reared on SC703 and Oteel also exhibited the highest and lowest relative growth rates, respectively. The highest levels of proteolytic activity in S. littoralis were measured from larvae reared on the SC703 hybrid, while the lowest levels occurred on the Oteel and Valbum hybrids. Amylolytic activity was lowest in larvae reared on SC703 and Valbum hybrids and highest in larvae reared on the Oteel hybrid. Our results suggest that the SC703 hybrid was the most suitable host for S. littoralis, while the Oteel hybrid demonstrated the greatest level of tolerance against S. littoralis of those evaluated. We discuss the potential utility of maize hybrids exhibiting tolerance traits against this cosmopolitan pest with reference to cultivation of tolerant varieties and identification of specific tolerance traits.

Keywords

digestive enzyme activityEgyptian cotton leafwormfood consumptionmaize hybridsphytochemicals
Type
Research Paper
Information
Bulletin of Entomological Research , Volume 114 , Issue 5 , October 2024 , pp. 642 - 651
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Copyright
Copyright © The Author(s), 2024. Published by Cambridge University Press

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