Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-hc48f Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-22T18:57:54.888Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Effects of intercropping on maize stemborers and their natural enemies

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  10 July 2009

Henrik Skovgård  and
Peeter Päts
Henrik Skovgård*
Affiliation:
Department of Population Biology, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
Peeter Päts
Affiliation:
Department of Entomology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
*
Henrik Skovgård, The Danish Pest Infestation Laboratory, Skovbrynet 14, 2800 Lyngby, Copenhagen, Denmark.
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

The effects of maize–cowpea intercropping on three lepidopteran stemborers (Chilo partellus (Swinhoe) C. orichalcociliellus (Strand) and Sesamia calamistis Hampson) and their natural enemies were studied in Kenya. Oviposition was not affected by intercropping, but significantly fewer larvae and pupae were found in the intercrop. Egg parasitism was significantly higher in the intercrop reaching as high as 80% and was positively density dependent. Larval and pupal parasitism remained between 3 and 20%, but neither of these were affected by intercropping or host density. The main predators, ants and wandering spiders, were not augmented by intercropping, but an inverse relationship in abundance was found between these two predator groups. It is concluded that maize intercropped with cowpea has only limited potential as a method of controlling the key pests in maize.

Type
Review Article
Information
Bulletin of Entomological Research , Volume 86 , Issue 5 , October 1996 , pp. 599 - 607
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 1996

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Altieri, M.A., Lewis, W.J., Nordlund, D.A., Gueldner, R.C. & Todd, J.W. (1981) Chemical interactions between plants and Trichogramma wasps in Georgia soybean fields. Protection Ecology 3, 259–263.Google Scholar
Ampofo, J.K.O. (1986) Maize stalk borer (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) damage and plant resistance. Environmental Entomology 15, 1124–1129.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Andow, D.A. (1991) Vegetational diversity and arthropod population response. Annual Review of Entomology 36, 561–586.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Andow, D.A. & Risch, S.J. (1987) Parasitism in diversified agroecosystems: phenology of Trichogramma minutum (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae). Entomophaga 32, 255–260.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gurevich, J. & Chester, S.T. Jr. (1986) Analysis of repeated measures experiments. Ecology 67, 251–255.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Helenius, J. (1990) Incidence of specialist natural enemies of Rhopalosiphum padi (L) (Hom., Aphididae) on oats in monocrops and mixed intercrops with faba bean. Journal of Applied Entomology 109, 136–143.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kareiva, P. (1983) Influence of vegetation texture on herbivore populations: Resource concentration and herbivore movement. pp. 259–289in Denno, R.F. & Mcclaire, M.S. (Eds) Variable plants and herbivores in natural and managed ecosystems. New York, Academic Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kemp, W.P. & Simmons, G.A. (1978) The influence of stand factors on parasitism of spruce budworm eggs by Trichogramma minutum. Environmental Entomology 7, 685–688.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Letourneau, D.K. (1987) The enemies hypothesis: Tritrophic interactions and vegetational diversity in tropical agroecosystems. Ecology 68, 1616–1622.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Litsinger, J.A. & Moody, K. (1976) Integrated pest management in multiple cropping systems. pp. 293–317in Papendick, R.I., Sanchez, P.A. & Triplett, G.B. (Eds) Multiple cropping. Madison, Wisconsin, American Society and Agronomy.Google Scholar
Litsinger, J.A., Hasse, V., Barrion, A.T. & Schmutterer, H. (1991) Response of Ostrinia furnacalis (Guenée) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) to intercropping. Environmental Entomology 20, 988–1004.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mathez, F.C. (1972) Chilo partellus Swinh., C. orichalcociliella (Strand) (Lep., Crambidae) and Sesamia calamistis Hmps. (Lep., Noctuidae) on maize in the Coast Province, Kenya. Mitteilungen der Schweizerischen Entomologischen Gesellschaft 45, 267–289.Google Scholar
Need, N.T. & Burbutis, P.P. (1979) Searching efficiency of Trichogramma nubilalis. Environmental Entomology 8, 224–227.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nordlund, D.A., Chalfant, R.B. & Lewis, W.J. (1984) Arthropod populations, yield and damage in monocultures and polycultures of corn, beans and tomatoes. Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment 12, 127–133.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Okigbo, B.N. & Greenland, G.J. (1976) Integrated pest management in multiple cropping systems. pp. 63–101in Papendick, R.I., Sanchez, P.A. & Triplett, G.B. (Eds) Multiple cropping. Madison, Wisconsin, American Society and Agronomy.Google Scholar
Overholt, W.A., Ngi-Song, A.J., Kimani, S.K., Mbapila, J., Lammers, P. & Kioko, E. (1994) Review article. Ecological considerations of the introduction of Cotesia flavipes Cameron (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) for biological control of Chilo partellus (Swinhoe) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae), in Africa. Biocontrol News and Information 15, 19–24.Google Scholar
Päts, P. (1992) Reproductive biology of the cereal stemborer Chilo partellus. Dissertation, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, 97 pp.Google Scholar
Päts, P. & Ekbom, B. (1994) Distribution of Chilo partellus (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) egg batches on maize. Journal of Insect Behavior 7, 29–41.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Risch, S.J., Andow, D. & Altieri, M.A. (1983) Agroecosystem diversity and pest control: Data, tentative conclusions, and new research directions. Environmental Entomology 12, 625–629.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Root, R.B. (1973) Organization of a plant–arthropod association in simple and diverse habitats: The fauna of collards (Brassica oleracea). Ecological Monographs 43, 95–124.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Russell, E.P. (1989) Enemies hypothesis: A review of the effect of vegetational diversity on predatory insects and parasitoids. Environmental Entomology 18, 590–599.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ryan, J., Ryan, M.F. & Mcnaeidhe, F. (1980) The effect of interrow plant cover on populations of the cabbage root fly, Delia brassicae (Wiedemann). Journal of Applied Ecology 17, 31–40.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sarup, P., Sharma, V.K., Panwar, V.P.S., Siddiqui, K.H., Marwaha, K.K. & Agarwal, K.N. (1977) Economic threshold of Chilo partellus (Swinhoe) infesting maize crop. Journal of Entomological Research 1, 92–99.Google Scholar
SAS Institute (1985) SAS user's guide: Statistics. Version 5 edition. 956 pp. Cary, North Carolina, SAS Institute Inc.Google Scholar
Sheehan, W. (1986) Response by specialist and generalist natural enemies to agroecosystem diversification: A selective review. Environmental Entomology 15, 456–461.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Smith, J.W. Jr., Wiedenmann, R.N. & Overholt, W.A. (1993) Parasites of lepidopteran stemborers of tropical gramineous plants. 89 pp. Nairobi, Kenya, ICIPE Science Press.Google Scholar
Tonhasca, A. Jr. & Byrne, D. (1996) The effects of crop diversification on herbivorous insects: A meta-analysis approach. Ecological Entomology 19, 239–244.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Van Driesche, R.G. (1983) Meaning of ‘percent parasitism’ in studies of insect parasitoids. Environmental Entomology 12, 1611–1622.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Van Huis, A. (1981) Integrated pest management in the small farmer's maize crop in Nicaragua. Dissertation, Agricultural University Wageningen, The Netherlands, 222 pp.Google Scholar
Weibull, W. (1951) A statistical distribution function of wide applicability. Journal of Applied Mechanics 18, 293–296.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wise, D.H. (1995) Spiders in ecological webs. 328 pp. Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar