Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-m6dg7 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-06T13:51:06.100Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Effects of field-weathered residues of insect growth regulators on some Coccinellidae (Coleoptera) of economic importance as biocontrol agents

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  10 July 2009

Vaughan Hattingh  and
Bruce Tate
Vaughan Hattingh*
Affiliation:
Outspan Citrus Centre, Nelspruit, South Africa
Bruce Tate
Affiliation:
Outspan Citrus Centre, Nelspruit, South Africa
*
Vaughan Hattingh, Outspan Citrus Centre, PO Box 28, Nelspruit 1200, Republic of South Africa.
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Use of the insect growth regulator (IGR) pyriproxyfen (Nemesis®) for the control of red scale Aonidiella aurantii (Maskell) (Homoptera: Diaspididae) on citrus in southern Africa has led to extensive disruption of the biocontrol of cottony cushion scale Icerya purchasi Maskell (Homoptera: Margarodidae) provided by the coccinellids Rodolia cardinalis (Mulsant) and other indigenous Rodolia spp. Similar effects on field populations of Chilocorus nigrita (Fabricius), a coccinellids predator of A. aurantii, have also been observed. The adverse effects of field-weathered residues of IGRs on the fecundity and egg viability of the coccinellids C. nigrita and Cryptolaemus montrouzieri Mulsant were determined in a laboratory bioassay. Residues of pyriproxyfen, a juvenile hormone analogue, and two chitin synthesis inhibitors, buprofezin (Applaud®) and triflumuron (Alsystin®), were tested. Exposure to residue-bearing leaves did not affect the number of eggs laid by Chilocorusnigrita, but a complete, or near complete failure of eggs to hatch ensured when adults were exposed to either 3, 7 or 19 week old weathered residues from a single application of pyriproxyfen or triflumuron. Three week old residues of buprofezin had the same effect, but both 7 and 19 week old residues no longer significantly reduced egg viability. Adults of both C. nigrita and Cryptolaemus montrouzieri commenced laying viable eggs within 20 days of being separated from all residue-bearing leaves. One week old residues of pyriproxyfen and triflumuron both significantly reduced progeny production by C. montrouzieri. Ten week old triflumuron residues were still detrimental to this species but pyriproxyfen residues of the same age were not. It was concluded that IGRs are not compatible with integrated pest management (IPM) for citrus in southern Africa, where coccinellid biocontrol agents play an important role.

Type
Original Articles
Information
Bulletin of Entomological Research , Volume 85 , Issue 4 , December 1995 , pp. 489 - 493
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 1995

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Ascher, K.R.S., Nemny, N.E., Blumberg, D. & Goldenberg, S. (1986) Egg-sterilizing effect of benzoylphenylureas via the adult stage of the nitidulid beetle Carpophilus hemipterus. Phytoparasitica 14, 187–192.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Blumberg, D., Doron, S. & Bitton, S. (1985) Effect of triflumuron on two species of nitidulid beetles, Carpophilus hemipterus and Urophorus humeralis. Phytoparasitica 13, 9–19.Google Scholar
Fisher, T.W. (1963) Mass culture of Cryptolaemus and Leptomastix—natural enemies of citrus mealybug. University of California Agricultural Publications, Bulletin 797, 39 pp.Google Scholar
Hammann, I. & Sirrenberg, W. (1980) Laboratory evaluation of SIR 8514, a new chitin synthesis inhibitor of the benzoylated urea class. Pflanzenschutz nachrichten Bayer 33, (51), 1–34.Google Scholar
Hattingh, V. & Samways, M.J. (1992) Prey choice and substitution in Chilocorus spp. (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae). Bulletin of Entomological Research 82, 327–334.Google Scholar
Ishaaya, I. (1990) Benzoylphenyl ureas and other selective insect control agents-mechanism and application. pp. 365–376in Casida, J.E. (Eds) Pesticides and alternatives. Elsevier.Google Scholar
Ishaaya, I., Blumberg, D. & Yarom, I. (1989) Buprofezin-a novel IGR for controlling whiteflies and scale insects. Medelingen van de Faculteit Landbouwwetenschappen Rijkseuni versiteit Gent 54 (3b), 1003–1008.Google Scholar
Konno, T. (1990) Buprofezin; a reliable IGR for the control of rice pests. pp. 210–222in Grayson, B.T., Green, M.B. & Copping, L.G. (Eds) Proceedings of pest management in rice. Elsevier.Google Scholar
Langley, P.A., Felton, T., Stafford, K. & Ouchi, H. (1990) Formulation of pyriproxyfen, a juvenile hormone mimic, for tsetse control. Medical and Veterinary Entomology 4, 127–133.Google Scholar
Loia, M. & Viggiani, G. (1992) Effect of some insect growth regulators on Rodolia cardinalis (Mulsant) (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae), well known predator of Icerya purchasi Maskell (Homoptera: Monophlebidae), second contribution. pp. 961–963in Tribulato E., Gentile A. & Reforgiato G. (Eds) Proceedings of the International Society of Citriculture,1992, Vol. 3.Google Scholar
Mendel, Z. & Blumberg, D. (1991) Colonization trials with Cryptochaetum iceryae and Rodolia iceryae for improved biological control of Icerya purchasi in Israel. Biological Control 1, 68–74.Google Scholar
Mendel, Z., Blumberg, D. & Wysoki, M. (1992) Biological control of four homopterans in Israel horticulture: achievements and problems. Phytoparasitica 20, Suppl., 45–49.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Morse, J.G., Bellows, T.S. & Iwata, Y. (1986) Technique for evaluating residual toxicity of pesticides to motile insects. Journal of Economic Entomology 79, 281–283.Google Scholar
Peleg, B.A. (1983a) Effect of 3 insect growth regulators on larval development, fecundity and egg viability of the coccinellid Chilocorus bipustulatus (Col.: Coccinellidae). Entomophaga 28, 117–121.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Peleg, B.A. (1983b) Effect of a new insect growth regulator, RO 13–5223, on hymenopterous parasites of scale insects. Entomophaga 28, 367–372.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Peleg, B.A. (1988) Effect of a new phenoxy juvenile hormone analog on California red scale (Homoptera: Coccidae) and the ectoparasite Aphytis holoxanthus DeBach (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae). Journal of Economic Entomology 81, 88–92.Google Scholar
Peleg, B.A. (1989) Evaluation of the insect growth regulator pyriproxyfen (Tiger) as a control agent for the California red scale and the cottony-cushion scale. Alon-Hanotea 43, 681–686. (In Hebrew.)Google Scholar
Samways, M.J. & Tate, B.A. (1984) Sexing of Chilocorus nigritus (F.) (Coccinellidae). Citrus and Subtropical Fruit Journal 607, 4–5.Google Scholar
Siegel, S. & Castellan, N.J. (1989) Nonparametric statistics for the behavioural sciences 2nd edn. 399 pp. Singapore, McGraw-Hill.Google Scholar