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Ecology of the malaria vector Anopheles arabiensis Patton (Diptera: Culicidae) by the nile in northern Sudan

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  10 July 2009

Mustafa Y. H. Dukeen  and
S. M. Omer
Mustafa Y. H. Dukeen
Affiliation:
Medical Entomology Section, National Health Laboratories, P.O. Box 287, Khartoum, Sudan
S. M. Omer
Affiliation:
Faculty of Agriculture, University of Khartoum, Sudan
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Abstract

In order to understand how the malaria vector Anopheles arabiensis Patton exists in the extremely hot and arid environment (mean annual rainfall 21 mm) in Northern Province, Sudan, regular sampling from breeding places and resting sites was undertaken during 1978 and 1979 at four villages along the River Nile downstream (i.e. northwards) from Dongola. The population density of A. arabiensis was lowest during the flood season (July—October) and increased as the river flow decreased during November—June. Thus there was an inverse relationship between the Nile water level and A. arabiensis production. Prolific breeding in riverside pools was the main source of A. arabiensis as the river receded. During the annual flood, when riverside pools were all inundated, A. arabiensis continued breeding at low densities in sheltered sites such as wells and pits. Breeding also occurred in all months in association with the weed Potamogeton crispus in slow reaches of the river. Adult females fed regularly on blood, with gonotrophic concordance in all months, and there was no evidence of aestivation. Outdoor biting activity occurred throughout the night, with a peak between 2100 and 0500 h. Daytime searches indoors and outdoors indicated that resting females A. arabiensis are almost entirely endophilic in the study area.

Type
Original Articles
Information
Bulletin of Entomological Research , Volume 76 , Issue 3 , September 1986 , pp. 451 - 467
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 1986

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