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Activity Cycles of Glossina pallidipes Aust., G. palpalis fuscipes Newst. and G. brevipalpis Newst

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  10 July 2009

J. M. B. Harley
J. M. B. Harley
Affiliation:
East African Trypanosomiasis Research Organisation, Tororo, Uganda
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Abstract

A series of 24-hr catches of Glossina pallidipes Aust., G. palpalis fuscipes Newst. and G. brevipalpis Newst. was carried out on the north-east shore of Lake Victoria over a period of 11 months in 1962–63. The object was to define and compare the daily pattern of activity of the three species as indicated by the numbers caught hourly on three black cattle that were used as bait. Catching during the hours of darkness was done by the light of dimmed hurricane lamps. The period of observation covered successively a dry season, a wet season, a cool dry season and a hot dry season.

At all seasons, males of G. pallidipes were caught in gradually increasing numbers from just before dawn until shortly before sunset, after which a rapid decrease took place. Females of G. pallidipes exhibited a different pattern, with a gradual rise in activity in the morning until about midday, after which activity remained more or less constant until shortly before sunset, when a rapid fall occurred. There was never any indication of a morning peak in activity such as has been described for this species elsewhere. Activity during the night was at an extremely low level.

Activity of both males and females of G. p. fuscipes started about dawn, increased to a peak in the middle hours of the day, and then fell fairly rapidly in the evening; the exact time of the peak was variable. None was caught during the night.

There was some activity of G. brevipalpis throughout the diel, but marked peaks of activity were exhibited by both sexes. In the open, these took place immediately after sunset and immediately before sunrise, the latter being the smaller. In the shade, the morning peak in both sexes was an hour later than in the open, and the evening peak in males alone was an hour earlier.

These results are compared with those of other workers, and the influence of physical factors is discussed. Particular values of temperature and saturation deficit were not closely associated with particular levels of activity of any of the three species, and light intensity is probably the physical factor that is most consistently the same at times of particular levels of activity at all seasons.

Type
Research Paper
Information
Bulletin of Entomological Research , Volume 56 , Issue 1 , October 1965 , pp. 141 - 160
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 1965

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