In the semi-arid parts of west Asia and north Africa, barley straw (Hordeum vulgareL. subsp. vulgare)and cereal stubbles provide between one-quarter and one-half of the metabolizable energy (ME) offered to sheep. In barley straw, voluntary straw dry-matter (DM) intake (VSI) is a good predictor of body weight gain (R2 = 0.85; data of Capper et al., 1989). This varies according to location and year (CV = 0.30 to 0.40) and varies genetically, with an average genotypic CV of 0.07, which can exceed 0.10 in wet years. Genotype X environment interactions in VSI are important (Table 1).

A genetically high VSI is advantageous in cool, wet, favourable growing conditions, when VSI is normally low. In drought conditions, VSI is high, genetically varies relatively little (Table 1) and is less important for the farmer than straw and grain yields. Barley breeders working in drought-prone environments prefer to do most of their selection for yield in dry conditions (Ceccarelli, 1993). Breeders are increasingly selecting for high VSI but wish to focus their testing plots in dry areas. Therefore they need indirect tests that indicate the nutritive value of straw when it is grown in wet environments.