Until recently nearly all dairy cows received their concentrate allocation whilst in the milking parlour. This followed on from the practice in cowsheds for many years and was a convenient way of giving each individual cow a rationed quantity of food. However, with many nutritionists advocating frequent feeding, and the development of more sophisticated equipment such as individual feeders with cow recognition systems and to a lesser extent conveyor systems and mixer-feeder wagons, some farmers are now feeding a lot of the concentrate ration outside the parlour. The variety of equipment available for feeding concentrates is now extensive, ranging from relatively simple mechanical dispensers to programmed feeders which will recognize animals and feed preset quantities to them. An outline of the possibilities open to farmers is shown in Figure 1.