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²⁰ The institutions included in the survey were as follows: Bolivia: Central Bank (n = 183), Customs Service (n = 107), Ministry of Peasant Affairs (n = 73), Ministry of Economic Development (n = 67), Ministry of Sustainable Development (n = 89), National Institute of Agrarian Reform (n = 53), National Tax Service (n = 138), National Road Service (n = 109), Productive Social Investment Fund (n = 43), Agrarian Superintendency (n = 16), Superintendency of Banks (n = 60), General Superintendency (n = 23), Superintendency of Hydrocarbons (n = 27), Superintendency of Pensions, Securities and Insurance (n = 50); Brazil: Central Bank (n = 200), Federal Revenue Service, RF (n = 127), Development Corporation for the São Francisco and Parnaíba Valleys, CODEVASF (n = 75), Ministry of Agrarian Development, MDA (n = 46), Ministry of Social Development, MDS (n = 140), National Agency of Land Transport, ANTT (n = 76), National Department of Transportation Infrastructure, DNIT (n = 198), National Institute of Colonization and Agrarian Reform, INCRA (n = 129), National Social Security Institute, INSS (n = 166), Superintendency of Private Insurance, SUSEP (n = 69); Chile: Customs Service (n = 152), Institute of Agricultural Development (n = 84), National Development Corporation, CORFO (n = 98), Superintendency of Banks (n = 69), Superintendency of Pension Fund Managers (n = 74), Superintendency of Securities and Insurance (n = 117).

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²⁹ Post-communist states are given the bureaucratic quality score which corresponds to the first year they enter the ICRG dataset.

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