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³ An excellent exception is Longstreth, Frank, ‘The City, Industry and the State’ in Crouch, Colin, ed., State and Economy in Contemporary Capitalism (London: Croom Helm, 1979), pp. 157–90.Google Scholar An interesting early study is Aaronovitch, Sam, The Ruling Class (London: Laurence and Wishart, 1961).Google Scholar

⁴ Accounts which emphasize the influence of the City or finance capital over other interests include: Blank, Stephen, Industry and Government in Britain: The Federation of British Industries in Politics, 1945–65 (Farnborough, Hants.: Saxon House, 1973), pp. 197–207Google Scholar; Longstreth, , ‘The City, Industry and the State’Google Scholar; Aaronovitch, , The Ruling Class.Google Scholar Note also Nairn, Tom, The Break-Up of Britain (London: NLB, 1977), pp. 11–91passim, but especially pp. 45–6Google Scholar; and Brown, Michael Barratt, ‘The Controllers of British Industry’ in Urry, John and Wakeford, John, eds., Power in Britain (London: Heinemann, 1973), pp. 73–116.Google Scholar

⁵ The comments of City figures are in Inter-Bank Research Organization, The Future of London as an International Financial Centre (London: HMSO, 1973), pp. 1–24.Google Scholar Also, Smith, Andreas Whittam, ‘City and the Tory Party’, Investors Chronicle, 31 05 1974Google Scholar; Lester, Tom, ‘Industry And The City’, Management Today (02 1975)Google Scholar; ‘Seven Views of the City's Image’, The Bankers' Magazine (10 1975), pp. 8–10.Google Scholar

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⁷ For white-collar unions see Bain, George S., The Growth of White-collar Unionism (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1970)Google Scholar; May, Timothy, ‘Middle Class Unionism’ in King, Roger and Nugent, Neill, eds., Respectable Rebels (London: Hodder and Stoughton, 1979), pp. 101–26.Google Scholar For amenity and environmental groups see Barker, Anthony and Keating, Michael, ‘Public Spirits: Amenity Societies and Others’ in Crouch, Colin, ed., British Political Sociology Yearbook, Vol. 3 (London: Croom Helm, 1977), pp. 143–63Google Scholar; Lowe, Philip, ‘The Environmental Lobby’, Built Environment Quarterly, 1 (1975), 73–6, 158–61, 235–8Google Scholar; Lowe, Philip, ‘Amenity and Equity; A Review of Local Environmental Pressure Groups in Britain’, Environment and Planning, IX (1977), 35–58.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

⁸ The case of the TUC is traced in Coates, Teachers' Unions and interest Group Politics; on the CBI, Grant, and Marsh, , The Confederation of British Industry, pp. 15–30Google Scholar; for industry associations, Report of the Commission of inquiry into Industrial and Commercial Representation (Chairman: Lord Devlin) (London: ABCC/CBI, 1972), pp. 25–42.Google Scholar

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¹⁰ Olson, Mancur Jr., The Logic of Collective Action (New York: Schocken Books, 1968).Google Scholar

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¹³ For clearing banks see Sheppard, David K., The Growth and Role of UK Financial Institutions (London: Methuen, 1971), p. 13Google Scholar; for Discount Houses see Fletcher, G. A., The Discount Houses in London (London: Macmillan, 1976), pp. 51 and 59.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

¹⁴ For Barclays and others see Balogh, Thomas, Studies in Financial Organization (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1950), p. 17.Google Scholar See also Truptil, R. J., British Banks and the London Money Market (London: Jonathan Cape, 1936), pp. 191ff, for social homogeneity.Google Scholar

¹⁵ Raynes, Harold, A History of British Insurance, 2nd edn. (London: Pitman, 1964), pp. 338 and 346–7.Google Scholar

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¹⁹ Rees, Graham L. et al. , Britain's Commodity Markets (London: Elek Books, 1972), pp. 186–8 and 359.Google Scholar

²⁰ For a history see Gibb, D. E. W., Lloyd's of London: A Study in Individualism (London: Macmillan, 1957).Google Scholar Lloyd's is at the time of writing (April 1981) undergoing contentious internal reforms following a series of scandals and failures. A Parliamentary Bill currently experiencing a controversial passage would reorganize and greatly strengthen its governing body.

²¹ For the Take-Over Panel see Committee to Review the Functioning of Financial Institutions, Second Stage Evidence, Vol. 1 (London: HMSO, 1979), pp. 3–20Google Scholar; for the CSI, Bank of England, Annual Report 1978 (London: Bank of England, 1978), pp. 16–17Google Scholar; for the money brokers, Parker, Carol, ‘Money Brokers Re-examine Their Role’, The Banker (04 1974), pp. 329–35.Google Scholar Representatives of broking firms were involved later; a Sterling Brokers' Association was set up in August 1979.

²² For the FBI see Blank, , Industry and Government in Britain, pp. 13–15Google Scholar; and Who was Who 1941–50 for Dudley Docker, President of the FBI. For the CBI see Grant, Wyn, ‘Business Interests and the British Concervative Party’, Government and Opposition, XV (1980), 143–61, p. 146CrossRefGoogle Scholar; Devlin, , Report, pp. 43, 59–61Google Scholar; Grant, and Marsh, , The Confederation of British industry, pp. 68–71.Google Scholar

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²⁶ The Governor quoted in Bank of England Quarterly Bulletin (1968), No. 4, p. 412Google Scholar; the ‘Task Force’ is in IBRO, Future of London as an International Financial Centre, pp. 1–55.Google Scholar

²⁷ SirClay, Henry, Lord Norman (London: Macmillan, 1957), pp. 278ffGoogle Scholar; Cobbold, Governor in Radcliffe, , Principal Memoranda of Evidence, Vol. I (London: HMSO, 1960), p. 52.Google Scholar The Governor's remark is from a speech submitted as evidence to the Radcliffe Committee.

²⁸ For Conservative criticisms of the City see Smith, , ‘City and the Tory Party’Google Scholar; Walker, Peter, ‘City and Industry: a sharp divergence of view’, Investors Chronicle, 13 06 1975Google Scholar; Hurd, Douglas, An End to Promises: Sketch of a Government, 1970–74 (London: Collins, 1979).Google Scholar For the City debate see Smith, , ‘City and Tory Party’Google Scholar; Tugendhat, Christopher, ‘The City's need to communicate’, Investors Chronicle, 6 12 1974Google Scholar; ‘Seven Views of the City's Image’, The Bankers' Magazine (10 1975)Google Scholar; Wrigglesworth, Ian, ‘The City, Whitehall and Westminster’, The Banker (02 1979). 39–43.Google Scholar

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³¹ For comments on Norman's capacities in this respect see Clay, , Lord Norman, pp. 278ffGoogle Scholar; Boyle, Andrew, Montagu Norman (London: Cassell, 1967), passim.Google Scholar

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⁴¹ See London Clearing Banks, Evidence to the Wilson Committee, Chaps. 6 and 18, for historical statistical evidence.Google Scholar

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⁴³ London Clearing Banks, Evidence to the Wilson Committee, pp. 175–6Google Scholar; for the industrial strategy, CLCB oral evidence to Wilson, see Second Stage Evidence, Vol. 3 (London: HMSO, 1979), p. 123.Google Scholar

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