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⁹ Dale, Jennifer and Foster, Peggy, Feminists and State Welfare (London: Routledge and Kegan Paul, 1986)Google Scholar, especially Part II. In addition to the literature examined by Dale and Foster, this critique of citizenship is also in Vogel-Polsky, Eliane, ‘New Social Needs: The Problems of Women’ in Vandamme, Jacques, ed., New Dimensions In European Social Policy (London: Croom Helm, 1985), pp. 95–114Google Scholar: and is one theme of Lewis, Jane, ‘Work, Women and Welfare’ in Klein, Rudolf and O'Higgins, Michael, eds, The Future of Welfare (Oxford: Basil Blackwell, 1985), pp. 216–22.Google Scholar

¹⁰ Land, Hilary and Rose, Hilary, ‘Compulsory Altruism for Some or an Altruistic Society for All’ in Bean, Philip, Ferris, John and Whynes, David, eds, In Defence of Welfare (London: Tavistock Publications, 1985), pp. 74–96.Google Scholar

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¹² For instance, Ferris, John, ‘Citizenship and the Crisis of the Welfare State’Google Scholar, in Bean, et al. , eds, In Defence of Welfare, pp. 46–73Google Scholar; Seldon, Arthur, ‘The Idea of the Welfare State and its Consequences’ in Eisenstadt, S. N. and Ahimeir, O., eds, The Welfare State And Its Aftermath (London: Croom Helm, 1985), pp. 59–73.Google Scholar

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¹⁴ The Black Report was first published in a limited, typescript edition as Department of Health and Social Security, Inequalities in Health: Report of a Research Working Group (London: HMSO, 1980).Google Scholar

¹⁵ Grand, Julian Le, The Strategy of Equality: Redistribution and the Social Services (London: Allen & Unwin, 1982)Google Scholar, Chaps 3–6 and 8. See also Goodin, Robert and Grand, Julian Le, Not Only the Poor: The Middle Class and the Welfare State (London: Allen & Unwin, 1987).Google Scholar

¹⁶ Evidence of distributive effects for other countries similar to those identified by Le Grand is reported in, for instance, Debreck, Herman, ‘Social Expenditure and the Efficiency of Social Policies in Europe’Google Scholar in Vandamme, , ed., New Dimensions In European Social Policy, pp. 39–74.Google Scholar

¹⁷ Grand, Julian Le, ‘Making Redistribution Work: The Social Services’Google Scholar in Glennerster, , ed., Future of The Welfare State, pp. 74–87.Google Scholar

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¹⁹ Wilding, , ed., In Defence of the Welfare State.Google Scholar The only sustained defence is in Wilding, 's ‘Conclusion’, pp. 127–49.Google Scholar

²⁰ The rhetoric of ‘ordinary’ people oppressed by the welfare state is used with characteristic polemical skill in, for instance, Seldon, , ‘The Idea of the Welfare State and its Consequences’.Google Scholar

²¹ O'Higgins, Michael, ‘Welfare, Redistribution, and Equality – Disillusion, Illusion and Reality’Google Scholar in Bean, et al. , eds, In Defence of Welfare, pp. 162–79.Google Scholar The quoted passages are pp. 166, 167, 168–9.

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²⁵ O'Connor, James, The Fiscal Crisis of the State (New York: St Martin's Press)CrossRefGoogle Scholar; Brittan, Samuel, ‘The Economic Contradictions of Democracy’ in King, Anthony, ed., Why Is Britain Becoming Harder to Govern? (London: BBC, 1976), pp. 96–137.Google Scholar O'Connor has more recently reapplied his arguments to the United States in Accumulation Crisis (New York: Blackwell, 1984).Google Scholar

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³⁷ Rein, Marfin, ‘Women, Employment and Social Welfare’Google Scholar in Klein, and O'Higgins, , eds, Future of Welfare, pp. 37–58Google Scholar, and his ‘The Social Welfare Labour Market’ in Eisenstadt, and Ahimeir, , eds, The Welfare State and Its Aftermath, pp. 109–31.Google Scholar

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³⁹ Schmidt, Manfred, ‘The Welfare State and the Economy in Periods of Economic Crisis: A Comparative Study of Twenty-Three OECD Nations’, European Journal of Political Research, 11 (1983), 1–26.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

⁴⁰ Rose, Richard, Understanding Big Government: The Programme Approach (London: Sage, 1984).Google Scholar The quotation is from p. 11, the statistics from p. 195.

⁴¹ Flora, Peter, ‘On the History and Current Problems of the Welfare State’Google Scholar; and Johansen, Lars Nørby and Kolberg, Jon Eivind, ‘Welfare State Regression in Scandinavia? The Development of the Scandinavian Welfare States from 1970 to 1980’Google Scholar, both in Eisenstadt, and Ahimeir, , eds, The Welfare Slate and its Aftermath, pp. 11–30 and 143–76.Google Scholar

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⁴⁴ Vedel-Peterson, Jacob, ‘The Experience of the Danish Welfare State’Google Scholar in Eisenstadt, and Ahimeir, , eds, The Welfare State and Its Aftermath, pp. 229–36. The statistics are on p. 232.Google Scholar

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⁵¹ Alt, James, The Politics of Economic Decline (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1979).Google Scholar

⁵² Taylor-Gooby, Peter, Public Opinion, Ideology and State Welfare (London: Routledge, 1985).Google Scholar

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⁵⁸ Plant, Raymond, ‘The Very Idea of a Welfare State’Google Scholar in Bean, et al. , eds, In Defence of Welfare, pp. 3–30Google Scholar; Plant, , ‘Welfare and the Value of Liberty’, Government and Opposition, 20 (1985), 297–314CrossRefGoogle Scholar (special issue, ed., Parry, Geraint, on ‘Welfare State and Welfare Society’).Google Scholar

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⁶⁵ Rose, Richard, ‘Common Goals but Different Roles: The State's Contribution to the Welfare Mix’ in Rose, and Shiratori, Rei, eds, The Welfare State East and West (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1986), pp. 13–39.Google Scholar

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