¹ Bell, Stephen, ‘Do We Really Need a New “Constructivist Institutionalism” to Explain Institutional Change?’ British Journal of Political Science, 41 (2011), 883–906CrossRefGoogle Scholar; Schmidt, Vivien A., ‘A Curious Constructivism: A Response to Professor Bell’, British Journal of Political Science, this issueGoogle Scholar.

² Schmidt, Vivien A., ‘Discursive Institutionalism: The Explanatory Power of Ideas and Discourse’, Annual Review of Political Science, 11 (2008), 303–326CrossRefGoogle Scholar, p. 314.

³ Schmidt, Vivien A., ‘Taking Ideas and Discourse Seriously: Explaining Change through Discursive Institutionalism as the Fourth “New Institutionalism” ’, European Political Science Review, 2 (2010), 1–25CrossRefGoogle Scholar, p. 4.

⁴ Schmidt, Vivien A., ‘From Historical Institutionalism to Discursive Institutionalism: Explaining Change in Comparative Political Economy’ (paper given at the annual meeting of the American Political Science Association, Boston, Mass., 2008), p. 15Google Scholar; Schmidt, ‘Discursive Institutionalism’, p. 314Google Scholar.

⁵ Schmidt, ‘Discursive Institutionalism’, p. 316Google Scholar.

⁶ Schmidt, Vivien A., ‘Analysing Ideas and Tracing Discursive Interaction in Institutional Change: From Historical Institutionalism to Discursive Institutionalism’ (paper given to the American Political Science Association, Washington, 2010, 1–27Google Scholar, p. 14 (emphasis in the original)).

⁷ Bell, ‘Do We Really Need a New “Constructivist Institutionalism”. See the discussion on these issues in Emanuel Adler, ‘Seizing the Middle Ground: Constructivism in World Politics’, European Journal of International Relations, 3 (1997), 319–363Google Scholar.

⁸ Schmidt, Vivien, ‘Institutionalism’, in Colin Hay, Michael Lister and David Marsh, eds, The State: Theories and Issues (London: Palgrave, 2006), pp. 98–117CrossRefGoogle Scholar, at p. 113.

⁹ Schmidt, Vivien, ‘A Curious Constructivism: A Response to Professor Bell’, British Journal of Political Science, 42 (2012)CrossRefGoogle Scholar, this issue.

¹⁰ For example, in Streeck, Wolfgang and Thelen, Kathleen, Beyond Continuity: Institutional Change in Advanced Political Economies (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2005)Google Scholar.

¹¹ Sven Steinmo and Kathleen Thelen, ‘Historical Institutionalism in Comparative Perspective’, in Thelen, Kathleen, Steinmo, Sven and Longstreth, Frankeds., Structuring Politics: Historical Institutionalism in Comparative Analysis (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1992)Google Scholar.

¹² Schmidt, ‘Analysing Ideas and Tracing Discursive Interaction in Institutional Change’, p. 9Google Scholar.

¹³ Steinmo and Thelen, ‘Historical Institutionalism in Comparative Perspective’, p. 9 and pp. 22–23Google Scholar.

¹⁴ Hattam, Victoria, Labor Visions and State Power: The Origins of Business Unionism in the United States (Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 1993)CrossRefGoogle Scholar, p. 12.

¹⁵ Streeck and Thelen, Beyond Continuity: Institutional Change in Advanced Political Economies; and James Mahoney and Kathleen Thelen, ‘A Theory of Gradual Institutional Change’, in Mahoney, James and Thelen, Kathleeneds., Explaining Institutional Change: Ambiguity, Agency and Power (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2010)Google Scholar.

¹⁶ Streeck and Thelen,Beyond Continuity p. 15Google Scholar;. Mahoney and Thelen, ‘A Theory of Gradual Institutional Change’, p. 11Google Scholar.

¹⁷ Schmidt, ‘Analysing Ideas and Tracing Discursive Interaction in Institutional Change’, p. 18Google Scholar.

¹⁸ Schmidt, ‘A Curious Constructivism’Google Scholar.

¹⁹ As Scharpf puts it, institutions both ‘enable and constrain’ actors ( Scharpf, Fritz W., Games Real Actors Play: Actor Centered Institutionalism in Policy Research (Boulder, Colo.: Westview Press, 1997)Google Scholar, p. 36). See also, Clemens, Elizabeth S. and Cook, James M., ‘Politics and Institutionalism: Explaining Durability and Change’, Annual Review of Sociology, 25 (1999), 441–466CrossRefGoogle Scholar.

²⁰ Schmidt, ‘A Curious Constructivism’Google Scholar.

²¹ Schmidt, ‘A Curious Constructivism’Google Scholar.

²² Streeck and Thelen, Beyond Continuity, p 8Google Scholar.

²³ Dowding, Keith, ‘Agency and Structure: Interpreting Power Relations’, Journal of Power, 1 (2008), 21–36CrossRefGoogle Scholar.

²⁴ Bell, Stephen, ‘How Tight Are the Policy Constraints? The Policy Convergence Thesis, Institutionally Situated Actors and Expansionary Monetary Policy in Australia’, New Political Economy, 10 (2005), 67–92CrossRefGoogle Scholar.

²⁵ Bell, Stephen, ‘The Power of Ideas: The Ideational Shaping of the Structural Power of Business’, International Studies QuarterlyGoogle Scholar, forthcoming.

²⁶ Schmidt, ‘Analysing Ideas and Tracing Discursive Interaction in Institutional Change’, p. 2Google Scholar.

²⁷ Searle, John, The Social Construction of Reality (New York: The Free Press, 1995)Google Scholar; Schmidt, ‘Discursive Institutionalism’, p. 315Google Scholar.

²⁸ Searle, The Social Construction of Reality, p. 28Google Scholar.

²⁹ Adler, Emanuel, ‘Seizing the Middle Ground’, European Journal of International Relations, 3 (1997), 319–363CrossRefGoogle Scholar, p. 322.

³⁰ Archer, Margaret, Structure, Agency and the Internal Conversation (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2003)CrossRefGoogle Scholar, p. 2.

³¹ Guzzini, Stefano, ‘A Reconstruction of Constructivism in International Relations’, European Journal of International Relations, 6 (2000), 147–182CrossRefGoogle Scholar, p. 148.

³² Hay, Colin and Rosamond, Ben, ‘Globalisation, European Integration and the Discursive Construction of Economic Imperatives’, Journal of European Public Policy, 9 (2002), 147–167CrossRefGoogle Scholar, p. 147, emphasis added.

³³ Schmidt, ‘Analysing Ideas and Tracing Discursive Interaction in Institutional Change’, p. 14Google Scholar.