Published online by Cambridge University Press: 26 April 2004
Dowding and James's response to our critique of the bureau-shaping model makes some important criticisms that we welcome. However, we suggest that they ignore the empirical evidence we presented in our original article (because of their narrow definition of acceptable data) and we believe that they misunderstand our arguments because of the positivist paradigm within which they operate. Our response covers three main issues – epistemology, methods and evidence.