Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-ndw9j Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-17T14:53:26.072Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Whole-grain rye and wheat alkylresorcinols are incorporated into human erythrocyte membranes

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  08 March 2007

Anna-Maria Linko  and
Herman Adlercreutz
Anna-Maria Linko*
Affiliation:
Institute for Preventive Medicine, Nutrition and Cancer, Folkhälsan Research Center and Division of Clinical Chemistry, P.O. Box 63, University of Helsinki, FIN-00014, Helsinki, Finland
Herman Adlercreutz
Affiliation:
Institute for Preventive Medicine, Nutrition and Cancer, Folkhälsan Research Center and Division of Clinical Chemistry, P.O. Box 63, University of Helsinki, FIN-00014, Helsinki, Finland
*
*Corresponding author: Dr Anna-Maria Linko, fax +358 9-191 25452, email [email protected]
Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Core share and HTML view are not available for this content. However, as you have access to this content, a full PDF is available via the ‘Save PDF’ action button.

Alkylresorcinols (AR), a group of phenolic lipids, exist in the human diet in whole-grain rye and wheat. They are absorbed by humans and have been quantified in plasma. In this 2-week study we assessed AR incorporation into human erythrocyte membranes. Nine subjects attended the study; four avoided whole-grain products for 1 week and then included whole-grain rye and wheat bread in the diet for the second week, four included whole-grain rye and wheat products in the diet during the whole follow-up and one followed a gluten-free diet. Plasma and erythrocyte membrane AR were analysed after weeks 1 and 2. Erythrocyte membrane AR concentrations increased an average of 231 nmol/l of packed erythrocytes (P=0·036) after consumption of whole-grain rye and wheat products. Plasma AR levels increased an average of 175 nmol/l (P=0·058) When intake of whole-grain products was constant, erythrocyte membrane and plasma AR levels remained stable. Long-chain AR were incorporated into erythrocyte membranes in a higher proportion compared to shorter-chain AR. This preliminary study shows that AR are incorporated into human erythrocyte membranes in vivo.

Keywords

AlkylresorcinolsWhole grainErythrocyte membranesBiomarkers
Type
Research Article
Information
British Journal of Nutrition , Volume 93 , Issue 1 , January 2005 , pp. 11 - 13
Copyright
Copyright © The Nutrition Society 2005

References

Adlercreutz, H (2002) Phyto-oestrogens and cancer. Lancet Oncol 3, 364–373.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Bieri, JG, Tolliver, TJ & Caliguani, BS (1979) Simultaneous determination of a-tocopherol and retinol in plasma and red cells by high performance liquid chromatography. Am J Clin Nutr 32, 2143–2149.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kamal-Eldin, A, Pouru, A, Eliasson, C & Åman, P (2001) Alkylresorcinols as antioxidants: hydrogen donation and peroxyl radical-scavenging effects. J Sci Food Agric 81, 353–356.3.0.CO;2-X>CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kantor, LS, Variyam, JN, Allshouse, JE, Putnam, JJ & Lin, B-H (2001) Choose a variety of grains daily, especially whole grains: a challenge for consumers. J Nutr 131, 473S–486S.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kozubek, A (1987a) The effect of 5-( n -alk(en)yl)resorcinols on membranes. I. Characterization of the permeability increase induced by 5-( n -heptadecenyl)resorcinol. Acta Biochim Pol 34, 357–367.Google ScholarPubMed
Kozubek, A (1987b) The effect of 5-( n -alk(en)yl)resorcinols on membranes. II. Dependence of the aliphatic chain length and unsaturation. Acta Biochim Pol 34, 387–394.Google ScholarPubMed
Kozubek, A (1989) Detergent-like effect of phenolic lipids on biological membranes. Acta Univ Wratisl 868, 27–32.Google Scholar
Kozubek, A (1995) Determination of octanol/water partition coefficients for long-chain homologs of orcinol from cereal grains. Acta Biochim Pol 42, 247–251.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kozubek, A, Nietubyc, M & Sikorski, AF (1992) Modulation of the activities of membrane enzymes by cereal grain resorcinolic lipids. Z Naturforsch 47, 41–46.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kozubek, A & Tyman, JHP (1999) Resorcinolic lipids, the natural non-isoprenoid phenolic amphiphiles and their biological activity. Chem Rev 99, 1–25.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Linko, A-M, Parikka, K, Wähälä, K & Adlercreutz, H (2002) Gas chromatographic–mass spectrometric method for the determination of alkylresorcinols in human plasma. Anal Biochem 308, 307–313.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ross, AB, Chen, Y, Frank, J, Swanson, JE, Parker, RS, Kozubek, A, Lundh, T, Vessby, B, Åman, P & Kamal-Eldin, A (2003a) Cereal alkylresorcinols elevate g-tocopherol levels in rats and inhibit g-tocopherol metabolism in vitro. J Nutr 134, 506–510.Google Scholar
Ross, AB, Kamal-Eldin, A & Åman, P (2003b) Dietary alkylresorcinols: absorption, bioactivities and possible use as biomarkers of whole grain wheat and rye rich foods. Nutr Rev 62, 81–95.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ross, AB, Kamal-Eldin, A, Lundin, EA, Zhang, JX, Hallmans, G & Åman, P (2003c) Cereal alkylresorcinols are absorbed by humans. J Nutr 133, 2222–2224.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ross, AB, Shepherd, MJ, Schüpphaus, M, Sinclair, V, Alfaro, B, Kamal-Eldin, A & Åman, P (2003d) Alkylresorcinols in cereals and cereal products. J Agric Food Chem 51, 4111–4118.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Simon, E, Gariepy, J, Cogn, A, Moatti, N, Simon, A & Paul, J-L (2001) Erythrocyte, but not plasma, vitamin E concentration is associated with carotid intima-media thickening in asymptomatic men at risk for cardiovascular disease. Atherosclerosis 159, 193–200.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Slavin, J (2003) Why whole grains are protective: biological mechanisms. Proc Nutr Soc 62, 129–134.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Slavin, JL, Jacobs, D, Marquart, L & Wiemer, K (2001) The role of whole grains in disease prevention. J Am Diet Assoc 101, 780–785.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed