Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-gb8f7 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-26T15:51:15.132Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Urinary excretion of purine derivatives as an index of microbial protein synthesis in the camel (Camelus dromedarius)

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  09 March 2007

Abdelhai Guerouali ,
Youssef El Gass ,
Joaquim Balcells ,
Alvaro Belenguer  and
John Nolan
Abdelhai Guerouali
Affiliation:
Department of Animal Physiology, Institut Agronomique et Vétérinaire Hassan II, PO Box 6202, Rabat, Morocco
Youssef El Gass
Affiliation:
Department of Animal Physiology, Institut Agronomique et Vétérinaire Hassan II, PO Box 6202, Rabat, Morocco
Joaquim Balcells*
Affiliation:
Departamento de Producción Animal y Ciencia de los Alimentos, Facultad de Veterinaria, Miguel Servet 177, Zaragoza, 50013, Spain
Alvaro Belenguer
Affiliation:
Departamento de Producción Animal y Ciencia de los Alimentos, Facultad de Veterinaria, Miguel Servet 177, Zaragoza, 50013, Spain
John Nolan
Affiliation:
School of Rural Science and Agriculture, University of New England, Armidale, NSW 2351, Australia
*
*Corresponding author: fax +34 976 76 15 90, email [email protected]
Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Core share and HTML view are not available for this content. However, as you have access to this content, a full PDF is available via the ‘Save PDF’ action button.

Five experiments were carried out to extend knowledge of purine metabolism in the camel (Camelus dromedarius) and to establish a model to enable microbial protein outflow from the forestomachs to be estimated from the urinary excretion of purine derivatives (PD; i.e. xanthine, hypoxanthine, uric acid, allantoin). In experiment 1, four camels were fasted for five consecutive days to enable endogenous PD excretion in urine to be determined. Total PD excretion decreased during the fasting period to 267 (se 41·5)?μmol/kg body weight (W)0·75 per d. Allantoin and xanthine+hypoxanthine were consistently 86 and 6·1?% of total urinary PD during this period but uric acid increased from 3·6?% to 7·4?%. Xanthine oxidase activity in tissues (experiment 2) was (μmol/min per g fresh tissue) 0·038 in liver and 0·005 in gut mucosa but was not detected in plasma. In experiment 3, the duodenal supply of yeast containing exogenous purines produced a linear increase in urinary PD excretion rate with the slope indicating that 0·63 was excreted in urine. After taking account of endogenous PD excretion, the relationship can be used to predict purine outflow from the rumen. From the latter prediction, and also the purine:protein ratio in bacteria determined in experiment 5, we predicted the net microbial outflow from the rumen. In experiment 4, with increasing food intake, the rate of PD excretion in the urine increased linearly by about 11·1?mmol PD/kg digestible organic matter intake (DOMI), equivalent to 95?g microbial protein/kg DOMI.

Keywords

Purine derivativesXanthine oxidaseMicrobial proteinCamels
Type
Research Article
Information
British Journal of Nutrition , Volume 92 , Issue 2 , August 2004 , pp. 225 - 232
Copyright
Copyright © The Nutrition Society 2004

References

AFRC Energy and Protein Requirements of Ruminants. An Advisory Manual Prepared by the AFRC Technical Committee on Responses to Nutrients Wallingford, UK: CAB International. (1993).Google Scholar
Al-Khalidi, UAS & Chaglessian, THThe species distribution of xanthine oxidase. Biochem J (1965) 97 318–320.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Antoniewicz, AM & Pisulewski, PMMeasurement of endogenous allantoin excretion in sheep urine. J Agric Sci (Camb) (1984) 98 221–223.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
ARC The Nutrient Requirement of Ruminant Livestock, Suppl. 1., Wallingford, UK: Commonwealth Agricultural Bureaux (1984).Google Scholar
Association of Official Analytical Chemists Official Methods of Analysis, 13th ed Washington, DC: AOAC (1980).Google Scholar
Bakker, ML, Chen, XB, Kyle, DJØrskov, ER & Bourke, DAUrinary and plasma purine derivatives in fed and fasted llamas ( Lama glama and L. guanacoe ). Comp Biochem Physiol (1996) 113B 367–374.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Balcells, J, Guada, JA, Castrillo, C & Gasa, JUrinary excretion of allantoin and allantoin precursors by sheep after different rates of purine infusion into the duodenum. J Agric Sci (Camb) (1991) 116 309–317.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Balcells, J, Guada, JA, Castrillo, C & Gasa, JRumen digestion and urinary excretion of purine derivatives in response to urea supplementation of sodium-treated straw fed to sheep. Br J Nutr (1993) 69 721–732.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Balcells, J, Guada, JA, Peiró, JM & Parker, DSSimultaneous determination of allantoin and oxypurines in biological fluids by high-performance liquid chromatography. J Chrom (1992) 575 153–157.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Beckers, Y & Thewis, AExcretion of purine derivatives in urine of Belgian blue bull following duodenal infusion of purines from Torula yeast. Proc Soc Nutr Physiol (1994) 3 235.Google Scholar
Belenguer, A, Yañez, D, Balcells, J, Ozdemir Baber, NH & Gonzalez Ronquillo, MUrinary excretion of purine derivatives and prediction of rumen microbial outflow in goats. Livest Prod Sci (2002) 77 127–135.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Blaxter, XL & Wood, WAThe nutrition of the young Ayrshire calf. 1. The endogenous nitrogen and basal energy metabolism of the calf. Br J Nutr (1951) 5 11–25.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chen, X, Samaraweera, L, Kyle, DJ, Ørskov, ER & Abeygunawardene, HUrinary excretion of purine derivatives and tissue xanthine oxidase activity in buffaloes, with special reference to differences between buffaloes and Bos Taurus. Br J Nutr (1996) 75 397–407.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Chen, XB, Hovell, FD, De, B, Ørskov, ER & Brown, DSExcretion of purine derivatives by ruminants: effect of exogenous nucleic acid supply on purine derivative excretion by sheep. Br J Nutr (1990) 63 131–142.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Craig, WN, Brown, DR, Broderick, GA & Ricker, DBPost-prandial compositional changes of fluid and particle associated ruminal microorganism. J Anim Sci (1987) 65 1042–1048.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fujihara, T, Matsui, T & Harumoto, TUrinary excretion of purine derivatives and blood plasma level of allantoin in sheep and goats during fasting.InProceedings of the Sixth International Symposium of Protein Metabolism and Nutrition, pp. [Eggum, BO, Boisen, S, Borsting, CH, Danfaer, A and Hvelplung, T editors] Herning, Denmark: European Association for Animal Production (1991) 170–172.Google Scholar
Furth-Walker, d & Amy, nkRegulation of xanthine oxidase activity and inmunologically detectable protein in rats in response to dietary protein and iron. J Nutr (1987) 117 1697–1705.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Giesecke, D, Stangassinger, M & Tiemeyer, WNucleic acid digestion and urinary purines metabolites in sheep nourished by intragastric infusion. Can J Anim Sci (1984) 64 144–145.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Guerouali, A & Zine Filali, RMaintenance energy requirements of the dromedary camel.InProceedings of the First International Camel Conference, PP. [Allen, WR, Higgins, AJ, Mayhew, IG, Snow, DH and Wade, JF editors] Newmarket, UK: R&W Publications (Newmarket) Ltd. (1992) 251–254.Google Scholar
Han, YK, Shin, HT & Landis, JEffect of level of food intake on the excretion of purine derivatives on purine derivatives to creatinine ratio in the urine sheep. Asian-Aust J Anim Sci (1992) 5 465–468.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Laurent, F, Blanchart, G & Vignon, BRelation entre l'excretion urinaire d'allantoine et l'azote chez le chevre laitiere (Relationship between the urinary excretion of allantoin and nitrogen in lactating goats). InIV Symposium International de Metabolisme et Nutrition Azotés, vol. pp. [Arnal, M, Pion, R and Bonin, Deditors] Clermont-Ferrand, France: EEAP. (1983) 2, 175–178.Google Scholar
Liang, JB, Matsumoto, M & Young, BAPurine derivative excretion and ruminal microbial yield in Malaysian cattle and swamp buffalo. Anim Feed Sci Technol (1994) 47 189–199.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Liang, JB, Pimpa, O, Abdullah, N, Jelan, ZA & Nolan, JVEstimation of rumen microbial protein production from urinary purine derivatives in zebu cattle and water buffalo. InNuclear Based Technologies for Estimating Microbial Protein Supply in Ruminant Livestock, IAEA-TECDOC-1093, pp. Vienna: International Atomic Energy Agency (1999) 35–42.Google Scholar
Lindberg, JEUrinary allantoin excretion and digestible organic matter intake in dairy goats. Swedish J Agric Res (1985) 15, 31–37.Google Scholar
Martín Orúe, SM, Balcells, J, Guada, JA & Castrillo, CEndogenous purine and pyrimidine derivative excretion in pregnant sows. Br J Nutr (1995) 73, 375–385.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Martín Orúe, SM, Balcells, J, Zakraoui, F & Castrillo, CQuantification and chemical composition of mixed bacteria harvested from solid fractions of rumen digesta: effect of detachment procedure. Anim Feed Sci Technol (1998) 71, 269–282.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mura, U, Osman, AM, Mohamed, AS & Ipata, PLStudies on purine turnover in the camel ( Camelus dromedarius ) and zebu ( Bos indicus ). Comp Biochem Physiol (1986) 84, 589–593.Google ScholarPubMed
Nolan, JVPrediction of rumen microbial outflow based on urinary excretion of purine derivatives. InNuclear Based Technologies for Estimating Microbial Protein Supply in Ruminant Livestock, IAEA-TECDOC-1093, pp. Vienna: International Atomic Energy Agency. (1999) 9–20.Google Scholar
Ojeda, A & Parra, OUrinary excretion of purine derivatives as an index of microbial protein supply in cross-bred ( Bos indicus ) cattle in tropical environment. InNuclear Based Technologies for Estimating Microbial Protein Supply in Ruminant Livestock IAEA-TECDOC-1093, pp. Vienna: International Atomic Energy Agency. (2000) 59–68.Google Scholar
Orellana Boero, P, Balcells, J, Martín-Orúe, S, Liang, JB & Guada, JAExcretion of purine derivatives in cows: endogenous contribution and recovery of exogenous purine bases. Livest Prod Sci (2001) 68, 243–250.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ørskov, ERProtein Nutrition in Ruminants. London: Academic Press. (1982).Google Scholar
Pérez, JF, Balcells, J, Guada, JA & Castrillo, CRumen microbial production estimated either from urinary purine derivative excretion or from direct measurements of 15 N and purine bases as microbial markers: effect of protein source and rumen bacterial isolates. Anim Sci (1997) 65, 225–236.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pimpa, O, Liang, JB, Jelan, ZA & Abdullah, NUrinary excretion of duodenal purine derivatives in Kedah-kelantan cattle. Anim Feed Sci Technol (2001) 92, 203–214.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Reeds, PJ, Burrin, DG, Stall, B, Jagoor, F, Wykes, I, Henay, J & Frazer, MEnteral glutamate is the preferential source of mucosal glutathione synthesis in fed piglets. Am J Physiol (1997) 273, 408–415.Google ScholarPubMed
Rowell, JG & Walters, DEAnalysing data with repeated observations on each experimental unit. J Agric Sci (Camb) (1976) 87 423–432.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Steel, RGD & Torrie, JHPrinciples and Procedures of Statistics: a Biometrical Approach, 2nd ed. New York: McGraw-Hill Inc (1980).Google Scholar
Technicon Instruments Co Uric Acid. Technicon method no. SD4-0013 FM9. Tarrytown, NY: Technicon Instruments Co. (1979).Google Scholar
Van Niekerk, BDH, Reid, JT, Bensadoun, A & Paladines, OLUrinary creatinine as an index of body composition. J Nutr (1963) 79, 463–473.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Verbic, J, Chen, XB, MacLeod, NA & Ørkov, Excretion of purine derivatives by ruminants. Effect of microbial nucleic acid infusion on purine derivative excretion by steers. J Agric Sci (Camb) (1990) 114, 243–248.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Vercoe, JEUrinary allantoin excretion and digestible dry-matter intake in cattle and buffalo. J Agric Sci (Camb) (1976) 86 613–615.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Young, EG & Conway, CFOn the estimation of allantoin by the Rimini-Schryver reaction. J Biol Chem (1942) 142 839–852.CrossRefGoogle Scholar