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Accepted manuscript

Skinny fat model of metabolic syndrome induced by a high-salt/sucrose diet in young male rats

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  14 November 2024

Keilah Valéria Naves Cavalcante
Affiliation:
Laboratory of Endocrine Physiology and Metabolism, Federal University of Goiás, GO, Brazil.
Marcos Divino Ferreira-Junior
Affiliation:
Laboratory of Endocrine Physiology and Metabolism, Federal University of Goiás, GO, Brazil.
Marina Conceição dos Santos Moreira
Affiliation:
Department of Academic Areas, Federal Institute of Education, Science, and Technology of Goiás, Campus Formosa, GO, Brazil.
Stefanne Madalena Marques
Affiliation:
Neuroscience and Cardiovascular Physiology Research Center, Federal University of Goiás, GO, Brazil.
James Oluwagbamigbe Fajemiroye
Affiliation:
Department of Pharmacology, Federal University of Goiás, GO, Brazil.
Rosiane Aparecida Miranda
Affiliation:
Laboratory of Endocrine Physiology, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
Patrícia Cristina Lisboa
Affiliation:
Laboratory of Endocrine Physiology, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
Egberto Gaspar de Moura
Affiliation:
Laboratory of Endocrine Physiology, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
Carlos Henrique Xavier
Affiliation:
Systems Neurobiology Laboratory, Federal University of Goiás, GO, Brazil.
Eduardo Colombari
Affiliation:
Department of Physiology and Pathology, School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University, UNESP, Araraquara, SP, Brazil.
Rodrigo Mello Gomes
Affiliation:
Laboratory of Endocrine Physiology and Metabolism, Federal University of Goiás, GO, Brazil.
Gustavo Rodrigues Pedrino*
Affiliation:
Neuroscience and Cardiovascular Physiology Research Center, Federal University of Goiás, GO, Brazil.
*
*Corresponding author: Gustavo Rodrigues Pedrino, Department of Physiological Sciences, Biological Sciences Institute II, Room 107, Federal University of Goiás, Esperance Avenue, CEP: 74690-900, Goiânia/GO, Brazil. E-mail: [email protected] (G. R. Pedrino).
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Abstract

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Childhood and puberty can affect metabolism, leading to tissue injury and malfunction later in life. The consumption of high-processed foods rich in salt and sugar is increasing in middle- and high-income countries, especially among young people. It is necessary to evaluate the effects of high salt and sugar levels in the youth on most injured organs during metabolic challenges. We aimed to investigate whether high salt/sucrose intake affects whole-body development and leads to end-organ injury. Weaned Male Wistar rats were divided into two groups: a control group fed a standard diet (CO) and tap water, and an experimental group (SS) fed a standard diet and a beverage containing 1.8% NaCl and 20% sucrose instead of tap water. The animals were treated for 60 days, starting after weaning at 21 days of age, after which the animals were subjected to glucose and insulin tolerance tests, urine collection, and heart rate monitoring, and euthanized for sample collection at 81 days of age. SS showed reduced body weight gain and increased food intake of sodium/sucrose solution. Interestingly, high salt/sucrose intake led to increased body adiposity, liver lipid inclusion, heart rate, and renal dysfunction. SS exhibits increased levels of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha to counterbalance the hypertrophy of brown adipose tissue. Our findings reveal that the SS rat model exhibits non-obvious obesity with end-organ damage and preserved brown adipose tissue function. This model closely parallels human conditions with normal BMI but elevated visceral adiposity, providing a relevant tool for studying atypical metabolic disorders.

Type
Research Article
Copyright
© The Authors 2024

Footnotes

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These authors contributed equally to this manuscript.