Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-l7hp2 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-26T09:03:48.790Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Relationship of vitamin E metabolism and oxidation in exercising human subjects

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  08 March 2007

Maret G. Traber
Maret G. Traber*
Affiliation:
Department of Nutrition and Exercise Sciences, Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331-6512, USA
*
*Corresponding author:  Dr Maret G. Traber, fax +1 541 737 5077, email [email protected]
Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Core share and HTML view are not available for this content. However, as you have access to this content, a full PDF is available via the ‘Save PDF’ action button.

During endurance exercise, oxygen consumption by the skeletal muscle can increase 100–200 times. We previously found that during an ultramarathon race (50 km, forest trail through hilly terrain) compared with a day of rest, vitamin E disappeared faster (as measured using 2H-labelled α-tocopherol) and lipid peroxidation increased. Therefore, we hypothesized that prior supplementation with antioxidants (vitamins E and C) would decrease oxidative stress during distance running and, therefore, decrease lipid peroxidation and inflammation, decreaseDNA damage, decrease muscle damage and/or improve recovery. To test these hypotheses, we carried out a randomized, double-blind study in runners (n 11 females, 11 males) who were participants in an annual ultramarathon race. We found that supplementation with both vitamins E and C only prevented increases in lipid peroxidation, but had no apparent effect on DNA damage, inflammation or muscle damage. These results suggest that the mechanism of oxidative damage is operating independently of the inflammatory and muscle damage responses.

Keywords

Ultramarathonα-TocopherolCytokinesInflammationMuscle damageF2-isoprostanes
Type
Research Article
Information
British Journal of Nutrition , Volume 96 , Issue S1 , August 2006 , pp. S34 - S37
Copyright
Copyright © The Nutrition Society 2006

References

Alessio, H (2000) Lipid peroxidation in healthy and diseased models: influence of different types of exercise.iN Handbook of Oxidants and Antioxidants in Exercise , 115–128 [Sen, CPacker, L and Hanninen, O, editors]. Amsterdam: ElsevierCrossRefGoogle Scholar
Brull, D, Serrano, N & Zito, F (2004) Human CRP gene polymorphism influences CRP levels: implications for the prediction and pathogenesis of coronary heart disease. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 23, 2063–2069.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bruno, RS, Ramakrishnan, R, Montine, TJ, Bray, TM & Traber, MG (2005) α-Tocopherol disappearance is faster in cigarette smokers and is inversely related to their ascorbic acid status. Am J Clin Nutr 81, 95–103.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Buchman, A, Killip, D, Ou, C, Rognerud, C, Pownall, H, Dennis, K & Dunn, J (1999) Short-term vitamin E supplementation before marathon running: a placebo-controlled trial. Nutrition 15, 278–283.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Cannon, JG & Blumberg, JB (2000) Acute phase immune responses in exercise Handbook of Oxidants and Antioxidants in Exercise, 177–194 [Sen, CPacker, L and Hanninen, O, editors]. New York: ElsevierCrossRefGoogle Scholar
Child, RB, Wilkinson, DM, Fallowfield, JL & Donnelly, AE (1998) Elevated serum antioxidant capacity and plasma malondialdehyde concentration in response to a simulated half-marathon run. Med Sci Sports Exerc 30, 1603–1607.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Childs, A, Jacobs, C, Kaminski, T, Halliwell, B & Leeuwenburgh, C (2001) Supplementation with vitamin C and N -acetyl-cysteine increases oxidative stress in humans after an acute muscle injury induced by eccentric exercise. Free Radic Biol Med 31, 745–753.Google Scholar
Duthie, GG, Robertson, JD, Maughan, RJ & Morrice, PC (1990) Blood antioxidant status and erythrocyte lipid peroxidation following distance running. Arch Biochem Biophys 282, 78–83.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Gleeson, M, Robertson, J & Maughan, R (1987) Influence of exercise on ascorbic acid status in man. Clin Sci 73, 501–505.Google Scholar
Halliwell, B & Gutteridge, JMC (1999) Free Radicals in Biology and Medicine, 3rd ed. New York: Oxford University Press IncGoogle Scholar
Hellsten, Y, Tullson, P, Richter, E & Bangsbo, J (1997) Oxidation of urate in human skeletal muscle during exercise. Free Radic Biol Med 22, 169–174.Google Scholar
Hessel, E, Haberland, A, Muller, M, Lerche, D & Schimke, I (2000) Oxygen radical generation of neutrophils: a reason for oxidative stress during marathon running?. Clin Chim Acta 298, 145–156.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Itoh, H, Ohkuwa, T, Yamazaki, Y, Shimoda, T, Wakayama, A, Tamura, S, Yamamoto, T, Sato, Y & Miyamura, M (2000) Vitamin E supplementation attenuates leakage of enzymes following 6 successive days of running training. Int J Sports Med 21, 369–374.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Jakeman, P & Maxwell, S (1993) Effect of antioxidant vitamin supplementation on muscle function after eccentric exercise. Eur J Appl Physiol Occup Physiol 67, 426–430.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Jenkins, RR & Goldfarb, A (1993) Introduction: oxidant stress, aging and exercise. Med Sci Sports Exerc 25, 210–212.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kaikkonen, J, Kosonen, L, Nyyssonen, K, Porkkala-Sarataho, E, Salonen, R, Dorpela, H & Salonen, J (1998) Effect of combined coenzyme Q 10 and d -α-tocopheryl acetate supplementation on exercise-induced lipid peroxidation and muscular damage: a placebo-controlled double-blind study in marathon runners. Free Radic Res 29, 85–92.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Levine, M, Conry-Cantilena, C & Wang, Y (1996) Vitamin C pharmacokinetics in healthy volunteers: evidence for a recommended dietary allowance. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 93, 3704–3709.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Levine, M, Wang, Y, Padayatty, S & Morrow, J (2001) A new recommended dietary allowance of vitamin C for healthy young women. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 98, 9842–9846.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Liu, M, Bergholm, R, Makimmattila, S, Lahdenpera, S, Valkonen, M, Hilden, H, Yki-Jarvinen, H & Taskinen, M (1999) A marathon run increases the susceptibility of LDL to oxidation in vitro and modifies plasma antioxidants. Am J Physiol 273, E1083–E1091.Google Scholar
Malm, C (2001) Exercise-induced muscle damage and inflammation: fact or fiction?. Acta Physiol Scand 171, 233–239.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Marzatico, F, Pansarasa, O, Bertorelli, L, Somenzini, L & Della Valle, G (1997) Blood free radical antioxidant enzymes and lipid peroxides following long-distance and lactacidemic performances in highly trained aerobic and sprint trained athletes. J Sports Med Phys Fitness 37, 235–239.Google Scholar
Mastaloudis, A, Leonard, S & Traber, M (2001) Oxidative stress in athletes during extreme endurance exercise. Free Radic Biol Med 31, 911–922.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Mastaloudis, A, Morrow, J, Hopkins, D, Devaraj, S & Traber, M (2004 a) Antioxidant supplementation prevents exercise-induced lipid peroxidation, but not inflammation, in ultramarathon runners. Free Radic Biol Med 36, 1329–1341.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mastaloudis, A, Traber, M, Carstensen, K & Widrick, J (2006) Antioxidants did not prevent muscle damage in response to an ultramarathon run. Med Sci Sports Exerc 38, 72–80.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Mastaloudis, A, Yu, D, Frei, B, Dashwood, R & Traber, MG (2004 b) Endurance exercise results in DNA damage as detected by the comet assay. Free Radic Biol Med 36, 966–975.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Meydani, M, Evans, W & Handelman, G (1993) Protective effect of vitamin E on exercise-induced oxidative damage in young and older adults. Am J Physiol 33, R992–R998.Google Scholar
Morrow, J, Hill, K, Burk, R, Nammour, T, Badr, K & Roberts, J (1990) A series of prostaglandin F 2 -like compounds are produced in vivo in humans by a non-cyclooxygenase, free radical catalyzed mechanism. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 87, 9383–9387.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Morrow, JD (2005) Quantification of isoprostanes as indices of oxidant stress and the risk of atherosclerosis in humans. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 25, 279–286.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Nieman, D, Peters, E, Henson, D, Nevines, E & Thompson, M (2000) Influence of vitamin C supplementation on cytokine changes following an ultramarathon. J Interferon Cytokine Res 20, 1029–1030.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Nieman, DC, Henson, DA, McAnulty, SR, McAnulty, L, Swick, NS, Utter, AC, Vinci, DM, Opiela, SJ & Morrow, JD (2002) Influence of vitamin C supplementation on oxidative and immune changes after an ultramarathon. J Appl Physiol 92, 1970–1977.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Peters, E, Anderson, R, Nieman, D, Fickl, H & Iogessa, V (2001 a) Vitamin C supplementation attenuates the increases in circulating cortisol, adrenaline, and anti-inflammatory polypeptides following ultramarathon running. Int J Sports Med 22, 537–543.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Peters, E, Anderson, R & Theron, A (2001 b) Attenuation of increase in circulating cortisol and enhancement of the acute phase protein response in vitamin C-supplemented ultramarathoners. Int J Sports Med 22, 120–126.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Petersen, E, Ostrowski, K, Ibfelt, T, Richelle, M, Offord, E, Halkjaer-Kristensen, J & Pedersen, BK (2001) Effect of vitamin supplementation on cytokine response and on muscle damage after strenuous exercise. Am J Physiol 280, C1570–C1575.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Roberts, J (1997) The generation and actions of isoprostanes. Biochim Biophys Act 1345.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Roberts, JI & Morrow, JD (2000) Measurement of F 2 -isoprostanes as an index of oxidative stress in vivo. Free Radic Biol Med 28, 505–513.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Rokitski, L, Logemann, E, Sagredos, A, Murphy, M, Wetzel-Roth, W & Keul, J (1994) Lipid peroxidation and antioxidative vitamins under extreme endurance stress. Acta Physiol Scand 151, 149–158.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sjodin, B, Hellsten Westing, Y & Apple, F (1990) Biochemical mechanisms for oxygen free radical formation during exercise. Sports Med 10, 236–254.Google Scholar
Traber, M & Jialal, I (2000) Measurement of lipid-soluble vitamins – further adjustment needed?. Lancet 355, 2013–2014.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Vasankari, TJ, Kujala, UM & Vasankari, TM (1997) Increased serum and low-density-lipoprotein antioxidant potential after antioxidant supplementation in endurance athletes. Am J Clin Nutr 65, 1052–1056.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Vassilakopoulos, T, Karatza, M, Katsaounou, P, Kollintza, A, Zakynthinos, S & Roussos, C (2003) Antioxidants attenuate the plasma cytokine response to exercise in humans. J Appl Physiol 94, 1025–1032.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Viguie, C, Frei, B, Shigenaga, M, Ames, B, Packer, L & Brooks, G (1993) Antioxidant status and indexes of oxidative stress during consecutive days of exercise. J Appl Physiol 75, 566–572.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed