Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-lnqnp Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-23T13:56:50.846Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Quantification of the absorption of nutrients derived from carbohydrate assimilation: model experiment with catheterised pigs fed on wheat- or oat-based rolls

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  09 March 2007

Knud Erik Bach Knudsen ,
Henry Jørgensen  and
Nuria Canibe
Knud Erik Bach Knudsen*
Affiliation:
Danish Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Department of Animal Nutrition and Physiology, Research Centre Foulum, P.O. Box 50, DK-8830 Tjele, Denmark
Henry Jørgensen
Affiliation:
Danish Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Department of Animal Nutrition and Physiology, Research Centre Foulum, P.O. Box 50, DK-8830 Tjele, Denmark
Nuria Canibe
Affiliation:
Danish Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Department of Animal Nutrition and Physiology, Research Centre Foulum, P.O. Box 50, DK-8830 Tjele, Denmark
*
*Corresponding author: Dr Knud E. Bach Knudsen, fax +45 89 99 13 78, email [email protected]
Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Core share and HTML view are not available for this content. However, as you have access to this content, a full PDF is available via the ‘Save PDF’ action button.

The main purpose of this study was to quantify the absorption of nutrients derived from carbohydrate assimilation in a model experiment with catheterised pigs. A low-fibre (LF) diet based on wheat flour and two high-fibre diets with added insoluble fibre from wheat bran (HFWB) or soluble fibre from oat bran (HFOB) were used. The diets were offered as baked rolls to three catheterised pigs in a 3×3 Latin square design. The pigs were surgically fitted with catheters placed in the portal vein and mesenteric artery and with an ultrasonic flow probe attached to the portal vein to monitor the blood-flow rate. The pigs were fed the diets three times daily and portal and arterial blood samples collected twice weekly up to 8 h after the morning feeding. Glucose, insulin, lactic acid (LA) and short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) were determined on the samples. The baseline level of glucose in the portal vein was about 6 mmol/l increasing to 10–11 mmol/l 20–30 min post-feeding with no difference among the different diets. Portal and arterial insulin mirrored portal glucose concentration and was also unaffected by the dietary composition. The net absorption of glucose (per 24 h) was: diet LF 4190 mmol; diet HFWB 3050 mmol and diet HFOB 3190 mmol corresponding to a recovery of 0·76–0·92 of ingested starch. The levels of LA and SCFA in the portal vein were relatively constant in the postprandial period. The net absorption of LA and SCFA was in the same order (749 and 720 mmol/d respectively) with diet LF, while LA was lower (384 and 582 mmol/d) and SCFA higher (738 to 891 mmol/d) when feeding the two high-fibre diets. There was a higher molar proportion of butyrate in the portal vein after feeding the high-fibre diet supplemented with oat bran as compared with the wheat-based diets.

Keywords

Catheterised pigsAbsorptionGlucoseLactic acidShort chain fatty acids
Type
Research Article
Information
British Journal of Nutrition , Volume 84 , Issue 4 , October 2000 , pp. 449 - 458
Copyright
Copyright © The Nutrition Society 2000

References

Argenzio, RA and Southworth, M (1974) Sites of organic acid production and absorption in the gastrointestinal tract of the pig. American Journal of Physiology 228, 454–460.Google Scholar
Asp, N-G (1995) Classification and methodology of food carbohydrates as related to nutritional effects. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 61, 930S–937S.Google Scholar
Bach, Knudsen KE (1997) Carbohydrate and lignin contents of plant materials used in animal feeding. Animal Feed Science and Technology 67, 319–338.Google Scholar
Bach, Knudsen KE and Canibe, N (2000) Breakdown of plant carbohydrates in the digestive tract of pigs fed on wheat or oat based rolls. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture 80, 1253–1261.Google Scholar
Bach, Knudsen KE, Jensen, BB, Andersen, JO and Hansen, I (1991) Gastrointestinal implications in pigs of wheat and oat fractions 2. Microbial activity in the gastrointestinal tract. British Journal of Nutrition 65, 233–248.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bach, Knudsen KE, Jensen, BB and Hansen, I (1993) Oat bran but not oat gum enhanced butyrate production in the large intestine of pigs. Journal of Nutrition 123, 1235–1247.Google Scholar
Blundell, JE, Green, S and Burley, VJ (1994) Carbohydrates and human appetite. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 59, 728S–734S.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Braaten, JT, Scott, FW, Wood, PJ, Riedel, KD, Wolynetz, MS, Brulé, D and Collins, MW (1994) High β-glucan oat bran and oat gum reduce postprandial blood glucose and insulin in subjects with and without type 2 diabetes. Diabetic Medicine 11, 312–318.Google Scholar
Chen, WL, Anderson, JW and Jennings, D (1984) Propionate may mediate the hypocholesterolemic effects of certain soluble plant fibers in cholesterol-fed rats. Proceedings of the Society for Experimental Biology and Medicine 175, 215–218.Google Scholar
Christensen, DN, Bach, Knudsen KE, Wolstrup, J and Jensen, BB (1999) Integration of ileum cannulated pigs and in vitro fermentation to quantify the effect of diet composition on the amount of short-chain fatty acids available from fermentation in the large intestine. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture 79, 755–762.Google Scholar
Cummings, J, Roberfroid, M, Andersson, H, Barth, C, Ferro-Luzzi, A, Ghoos, Y, Gibney, M, Hermanssen, K, James, W, Korver, O, Lairon, D, Pascal, G and Voragen, A (1997) A new look at dietary carbohydrate: Chemistry, physiology and health. European Journal of Clinical Nutrition 51, 417–423.Google Scholar
Cummings, JH (1993) Quantificating short chain fatty acid production in humans. In Short Chain Fatty Acids 11–19. [Binder, HJ, Cummings, JH and Soergel, K, editors]. Dordrecht/Boston/London: Kluwer Academic Publishers.Google Scholar
Cummings, JH and Englyst, HN (1995) Gastrointestinal effects of food carbohydrate. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 61, 938S–945S.Google Scholar
Cummings, JH, Pomare, EW, Branch, WJ, Naylor, CPE and MacFarlane, GT (1987) Short chain fatty acids in human large intestine, portal, hepatic and venous blood. Gut 28, 1221–1227.Google Scholar
Darcy-Vrillon, B, Morel, M-T, Cherbuy, C, Bernard, F, Posho, L, Blachier, F, Meslin, J-C and Duee, P-H (1993) Metabolic characteristics of pig colonocytes after adaptation to a high fiber diet. Journal of Nutrition 123, 234–243.Google Scholar
Ellis, PR, Roberts, FG, Low, AG and Morgan, LM (1995) The effect of high-molecular-weight guar gum on net apparent glucose absorption and net apparent insulin and gastric inhibitory polypeptide production in the growing pig: relationship to rheological changes in jejunal digesta. British Journal of Nutrition 74, 539–556.Google Scholar
Englyst, HE, Kingman, SM and Cummings, JH (1992) Classification and measurement of nutritionally important starch fractions. European Journal of Clinical Nutrition 46, S33–S50.Google Scholar
Fleming, SE and Arce, DS (1986) Volatile fatty acids: their production, absorption, utilization, and roles in human health. Clinics in Gastroenterology 15, 787–814.Google Scholar
Gallant, DJ, Bouchet, B, Buléon, A and Pérez, S (1992) Physical characteristics of starch granules and susceptibility to enzymatic degradation. European Journal of Clinical Nutrition 46, S3–S16.Google Scholar
Gawehn, K (1984) D(-)-Lactate. In Methods in Enzymatic Analysis. 588–592. [Bergmeyer, J and Grasl, M, editors] Weinheim: Verlag Chemie.Google Scholar
Giusi-Perier, A, Fiszlelewicz, M and Rérat, A (1989) Influence of diet composition on intestinal volatile fatty acid and nutrient absorption in unanesthetized pigs. Journal of Animal Science 67, 386–402.Google Scholar
Gray, GM (1992) Starch digestion and absorption in nonruminants. Journal of Nutrition 122, 172–177.Google Scholar
Illman, RJ, Topping, DL, McIntosh, GH, Trimble, RP, Storer, GB, Taylor, MN and Cheng, B (1988) Hypocholesterolaemic effects of dietary propionate: studies in whole animals and perfused rat liver. Annals Nutrient Metabolism 32, 97–107.Google Scholar
Jenkins, DJA, Wolever, TMS, Tayler, RH, Barker, HM, Fielden, H, Baledwin, JM, Bowling, AC, Newman, HC, Jenkins, AL and Goff, DV (1981) Glycemic index of foods, a physiological basis for carbohydrate exchange. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 34, 362–366.Google Scholar
Jenkins, DJA, Wolever, TMS, Leeds, AR, Gassul, MA, Haisman, P, Dilawari, J, Goff, DV, Metz, GL and Alberti, KGMM (1978) Dietary fibre, fibre analogues and glucose tolerance; importance of viscosity. British Medical Journal i, 1353–1354.Google Scholar
Johansen, HN, Bach, Knudsen KE, Wood, PJ and Fulcher, RG (1997) Physico-chemical properties and the digestibility of oat bran polysaccharides in the gut of pigs. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture 73, 797–808.Google Scholar
Kristensen, NB, Danfær A, Tetens, V and Agergaard, N (1996) Portal recovery of intraluminally infused short-chain fatty acids in sheep. Acta Agriculturæ Scandinavica, Section A, Animal Science 46, 26–38.Google Scholar
Lang, V, Bornet, FRJ, Vaugelade, P, Strihou, MvYd, Luo, J, Pacher, N, Rossi, F, Droitte, PL, Duée, P-H and Slama, G (1999) Euglycemic hyperinsulinemic clamp to assess posthepatic glucose appearance after carbohydrate loading. 2. Evaluation of corn and mung bean starches in healthy men. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 69, 1183–1188.Google Scholar
Lang, V, Vaugelade, P, Bernard, F, Darcy-Vrillon, B, Alamowitch, C, Slama, G, Duée, P-H and Bornet, FRJ (1999) Euglycemic hyperinsulinemic clamp to assess posthepatic glucose appearance after carbohydrate loading 1. Validation in pigs. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 69, 1174–1182.Google Scholar
Macfarlane, GT, Cummings, JH (1991) The colonic flora, fermentation, and large bowel digestive function. In The Large Intestine, Physiology, Pathophysiology, and Disease, 51–92. [Phillips, SF, Pemberton, JH and Shorter, RG]. Newyork, NY: Raven Press, Ltd.Google Scholar
Macfarlane, GT, Gibson, GR and Cummings, JH (1992) Estimation of short-chain fatty acid production from protein by human intestinal bacteria based on branched-chain fatty acid measurements. FEMS Microbiology Ecology 101, 81–88.Google Scholar
McBurney, MI and Thompson, LU (1987) Effect of human faecal inoculum on in vitro fermentation variables. British Journal of Nutrition 58, 233–243.Google Scholar
Noll, F (1984) D(+)-Lactate In Methods of Enzymatic Analysis. 582–588. [Bergmeyer, J and Grasl, M]. Weinheim: Verlag Chemie.Google Scholar
Rérat, AA, Vaissade, P and Vaugelade, P (1984) Absorption kinetics of some carbohydrates in conscious pigs 2. Quantitative aspects. British Journal of Nutrition 51, 517–529.Google Scholar
Reynolds, PJ, Huntington, GB and Reynolds, CK (1986) Determination of volatile fatty acids, lactate and β-hydroxybutyrate in blood by ion exchange cleanup and gas chromatography. Journal of Animal Science 63, 424.Google Scholar
Roediger, WEW (1980) Role of anaerobic bacteria in the metabolic welfare of the colonic mucosa in man. Gut 21, 793–798.Google Scholar
Ropert, A, Cherbut, C, Roze, C, Le-Quellec, A, Holst, JJ, Fu, C-X, Bruley, DVS and Galmiche, JP (1996) Colonic fermentation and proximal gastric tone in humans. Gastroenterology 111, 289–296.Google Scholar
Smith, JG, Yokoyama, WH and German, JB (1998) Butyric acid from the diet: Action at the level of gene expression. Critical Reviews in Food Science 38, 259–297.Google Scholar
Snedecor, GW and Cochran, WG (1973) Statistical Methods. Ames, IA: Iowa State University Press.Google Scholar
Tindal, JS, Kanggs, GS, Hart, IC and Blanke, SA (1978) Release of growth hormone in lactating and non-lactating goats in relation to behavior, stages of sleep, electroencephalograms, environmental stimuli and levels of prolactin, insulin, glucose and free fatty acids in circulation. Journal of Endocrinology 76, 333–346.Google Scholar
Topping, DL, Illman, RJ, Clarke, JM, Trimple, RP, Jackson, KA and Marsono, Y (1993) Dietary fat and fiber alter large bowel and portal venous volatile acids and plasma cholesterol but not biliary steroids in pigs. Journal of Nutrition 123, 133–143.Google Scholar
Trinder, P (1969) Determination of glucose in blood using glucose oxidase with an alternative oxygen acceptor. Annals Clinical Biochemistry 6, 24–27.Google Scholar
van der Meulen, J, Bakker, GCM, Bakker, JGM, de Visser, H, Jongbloed, AW and Everts, H (1997) Effect of resistant starch on net portal-drain viscera flux of glucose, volatile fatty acids, urea and ammonia in growing pigs. Journal of Animal Science 75, 2697–2704.Google Scholar
Vaugelade, P, Posho, L, Darcy-Vrillon, B, Bernard, F, Morel, M-T and Duée, P-H (1994) Intestinal oxygen uptake and glucose metabolism during nutrient absorption in the pig. Proceedings of the Society for Experimental Biology and Medicine 207, 309–316.Google Scholar
Wright, RS, Anderson, JW and Bridges, SR (1990) Propionate inhibits hepatocyte lipid synthesis. Proceedings of the Society for Experimental Biology and Medicine 195, 26–29.Google Scholar