Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-g8jcs Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-26T05:17:30.511Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Positive effects of a chicken eggshell powder-enriched vitamin–mineral supplement on femoral neck bone mineral density in healthy late post-menopausal Dutch women

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  09 March 2007

Anne Schaafsma ,
Jasper J. van Doormaal ,
Frits A. J. Muskiet ,
Gert J. H. Hofstede ,
Igor Pakan  and
Eveline van der Veer
Anne Schaafsma*
Affiliation:
Department of Research & Development Leeuwarden, Friesland Coberco Dairy Foods, Leeuwarden, The Netherlands
Jasper J. van Doormaal
Affiliation:
Groningen University Hospital, Groningen, The Netherlands
Frits A. J. Muskiet
Affiliation:
Groningen University Hospital, Groningen, The Netherlands
Gert J. H. Hofstede
Affiliation:
Groningen University Hospital, Groningen, The Netherlands
Igor Pakan
Affiliation:
Medical Centre Leeuwarden, Leeuwarden, The Netherlands
Eveline van der Veer
Affiliation:
Groningen University Hospital, Groningen, The Netherlands
*
*Corresponding author: Dr Anne Schaafsma, fax +31 58 2992540, email [email protected]
Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Core share and HTML view are not available for this content. However, as you have access to this content, a full PDF is available via the ‘Save PDF’ action button.

Although bone metabolism is largely under genetic control, the role of nutrition is considerable. The present study evaluates the effects of chicken eggshell powder, a new source of dietary Ca, and purified CaCO3 on bone mineral density (BMD) of the lumbar spine and hip. Besides BMD we also looked at biochemical markers of bone and Ca metabolism. Both Ca sources were provided in combination with minerals and vitamins including Mg, cholecalciferol and phylloquinone. We designed a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled study to take place over 12 months. Healthy Caucasian women (n 85), selected by age (≥50 and <70 years), from the databases of general practitioners were recruited by telephone calls. They had to be at least 5 years post-menopausal, with lumbar spine T-score being >-2·5. At baseline, their mean habitual daily Ca intake was adequate. The women were randomly allocated to: eggshell powder-enriched (group A; n 24), purified CaCO3-enriched (group B; n 22), or a placebo product (group C; n 27). BMD was measured at baseline and then after 6 and 12 months of supplementation as were the biochemical markers bone-specific alkaline phosphatase, amino-terminal propeptide extension of type I collagen, deoxypyridinoline, calcitonin, intact parathyroid hormone, calcidiol, and urinary Ca. After 12 months of supplementation, only mean BMD of the femoral neck in group A was significantly increased (P=0·014) by 1·75 % (95 % CI 0·18, 3·32) compared with a decrease of -0·60 % (95 % CI -1·92, 0·72) in group C. This increase coincided with significant decreases in markers of bone resorption and formation. No significant changes were seen in BMD at other sites, including lumbar spine, nor in groups B and C. No differences were found between groups A and B, or B and C. The present study indicates that healthy late post-menopausal women with an adequate Ca intake at baseline may increase BMD of the hip within 12 months following supplementation with the chicken eggshell powder-enriched supplement.

Keywords

Eggshell powderCalcium carbonateBone mineral densityPostmenopausal women
Type
Research Article
Information
British Journal of Nutrition , Volume 87 , Issue 3 , March 2002 , pp. 267 - 275
Copyright
Copyright © The Nutrition Society 2002

References

Allolio, B (1999) Risk factors for hip fracture not related to bone mass and their therapeutic implications. Osteoporosis International 9, s9–s16.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Anderson, RR (1992) Comparison of trace elements in milk of four species. Journal of Dairy Science 75, 3050–3055.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Aurbach, GD (1988) Calcium-regulating hormones: parathyroid hormone and calcitonin. In Calcium in Human Biology, pp 43–68. Berlin-Heidelberg: CABI Publishing on behalf of the Nutrition Society.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Aurbach, GD (1988) Calcium-regulating hormones: parathyroid hormone and calcitonin. In Calcium in Human Biology, pp.43–68 [Nordin, BEC, editor]. Berlin-Heidelberg: Springer-Verlag.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Beardsworth, CJ, Eyre, DR & Dickson, JR (1990) Changes with age in the urinary excretion of lysyl- and hydroxylysyl pyridinoline, two new markers of bone collagen turnover. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research 5, 671–676.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Boskey, AL, Gadaleta, S, Gundberg, C, Doty, SB, Ducy, P & Karsenty, G (1998) Fourier transform infrared micro-spectroscopic analysis of bones of osteocalcin-deficient mice provides insight into the function of osteocalcin. Bone 23, 187–196.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cabrera, CD, Henríquez, MS, Traba, ML, Villafaña, EA & De La Piedra, C (1998) Biochemical markers of bone formation in the study of postmenopausal osteoporosis. Osteoporosis International 8, 147–151.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chen, TC, Turner, AK & Holick, MF (1990) Methods for the determination of circulating concentration of 25-hydroxyvitamin D. Journal of Nutrition and Biochemistry 1, 315–319.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cheng, XG, Lowet, G, Boonen, S, Nicholson, PHF, Brys, P, Nijs, J & Dequeker, J (1997) Assessment of the strength of proximal femur in vitro: relationship to femoral bone mineral density and femoral geometry. Bone 20, 213–218.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Compston, JE (1995) The role of vitamin D and calcium supplementation in the prevention of osteoporotic fractures in the elderly. Clinical Endocrinology 43, 393–405.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Dawson-Hughes, B (1998) Vitamin D and calcium: recommended intake for bone health. Osteoporosis International 8, s30–s34.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Dawson-Hughes, B, Dallal, GE, Krall, EA, Sadowski, L, Sahyoun, N & Tannenbaum, S (1990) A controlled trial of the effect of calcium supplementation on bone density in postmenopausal women. New England Journal of Medicine 323, 878–883.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dawson-Hughes, B, Harris, SS, Krall, EA & Dallal, GE (1997) Effect of calcium and vitamin D supplementation on bone density in men and women 65 years of age or older. New England Journal of Medicine 337, 670–676.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Delmas, PD (1991) What do we know about biochemical bone markers? Clinical Obstetrics and Gynaecology 5, 817–830.Google ScholarPubMed
Douglas, AS, Robins, SP, Hutchison, JD, Porter, RW, Stewart, A & Reid, DM (1995) Carboxylation of osteocalcin in post-menopausal women following vitamin K and D supplementation. Bone 17, 15–20.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Driessens, FCM & Verbeeck, RMH (1988) On the prevention and treatment of calcification disorders of old age. Medical Hypotheses 25, 131CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Dutch National Food Consumption Survey (1998) Zo eet Nederland. Resultaten van de Voedselconsumptiepeiling 1997–1998, p. 199. Delft: Van Marken Delft Drukkers.Google Scholar
Heaney, RP (1996) Nutrition and risk for osteoporosis. In Osteoporosis, pp 483–509. [Marcus, R, Feldman, D and Kelsey, J, editors]. San Diego: CABI Publishing on behalf of the Nutrition Society.Google ScholarPubMed
Kanis, JA (1999) The use of calcium in the management of osteoporosis. Bone 24, 279–290.Google ScholarPubMed
Lauritzen, JB (1996) Hip fractures: incidence, risk factors, energy absorption, and prevention. Bone 18, s65–s75.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
McKane, WR, Khosla, S, O'Fallon, WM, Robins, SP, Burritt, MF & Riggs, BL (1996) A high calcium intake reverses the secondary hyperparathyroidism and increased bone resorption of elderly women. Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism 81, 1699–1703.Google Scholar
McKenna, MJ & Freaney, R (1998) Secondary hyperparathyroidism in the elderly: means to defining hypovitaminosis D. Osteoporosis International 8, s3–s6.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Makai, F & Chudacek, J (1991) The treatment of osteoporosis with Biomin-H. Archives of Gerontology and Geriatrics 2, 487–490.Google Scholar
National Osteoporosis Foundation (1999) Osteoporosis in men. Osteoporosis Clinical Updates 2, 3.Google Scholar
National Research Council (1989) In Recommended Dietary Allowances. Washington, DC: National Academy Press.Google Scholar
Nelson, ME, Fisher, EC, Dilmanian, FA, Dallal, GE & Evans, WJ (1991) A 1-y walking program and increased dietary calcium in postmenopausal women: effects on bone. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 53, 1304–1311.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ohta, H, Sugimoto, I, Masuda, A, Komukai, S, Suda, Y, Makita, K, Takamatsu, K, Horiguchi, F & Nozawa, S (1996) Decreased bone mineral density associated with early menopause progresses for at least ten years: cross-sectional comparisons between early and normal menopausal women. Bone 18, 227–231.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Prince, R, Devine, A, Dick, I, Criddle, A, Kerr, D, Kent, N, Price, R & Randell, A (1995) The effects of calcium supplementation (milk powder or tablets) and exercise on bone density in postmenopausal women. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research 10, 1068–1075.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ravn, P, Clemmesen, B & Christiansen, C (1999) Biochemical markers can predict the response in bone mass during alendronate treatment in early postmenopausal women. Bone 24, 237–244.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Reginster, JY, Halkin, V, Henrotin, Y & Gosset, C (1999) Treatment of osteoporosis: role of bone-forming agents. Osteoporosis International 3, s91–s96.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Reid, IR, Ames, RW, Evans, MC, Gamble, GD & Sharpe, SJ (1995) Long-term effects of calcium supplementation on bone loss and fractures in postmenopausal women: a randomized controlled trial. American Journal of Medicine 98, 331–335.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Riggs, LB, O'Fallon, MW, Muhs, J, O'Connor, MK, Kumar, R & Melton, JL (1998) Long-term effects of calcium supplementation on serum parathyroid hormone level, bone turnover, and bone loss in elderly women. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research 13, 168–174.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Rude, RK & Olerich, M (1996) Magnesium deficiency: possible role in osteoporosis associated with gluten-sensitive enteropathy. Osteoporosis International 6, 453–461.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Schaafsma, A & Beelen, GM (1999) Eggshell powder, a comparable or better source of calcium than purified calcium carbonate: piglet studies. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture 79, 1–5.3.0.CO;2-A>CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Schaafsma, A, de Vries, PJF & Saris, WHM (2001) Delay of natural bone loss by higher intakes of specific minerals and vitamins. Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition 41, 225–249.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Schaafsma, A, Muskiet, FAJ, Storm, H, Hofstede, GJH, Pakan, I & Van der Veer, E (2000) Vitamin D3 and vitamin K1 supplementation of Dutch postmenopausal women with normal and low bone mineral densities: effects on serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D and carboxylated osteocalcin. European Journal of Clinical Nutrition 54, 626–631.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Schaafsma, A & Pakan, I (1999) Short-term effects of a chicken egg shell powder enriched dairy product on bone mineral density in persons with osteoporosis or osteopenia. Bratislavské Lekárske Listy 7, 651–656.Google Scholar
Sokoll, LJ, Booth, SL, O'Brien, ME, Davidson, KW, Tsaioun, KI & Sadowski, JA (1997) Changes in serum osteocalcin, plasma phylloquinone, and urinary -carboxyglutamic acid in response to altered intakes of dietary phylloquinone in human subjects. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 65, 779–784.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Standing Committee on the Scientific Evaluation of Dietary Reference Intakes (1997) Dietary Reference Intakes: Calcium, Phosphorus, Magnesium, Vitamin D, and Fluoride. Washington DC: National Academy Press.Google Scholar
Stendig-Lindberg, G, Tepper, R & Leichter, I (1993) Trabecular bone density in a two year controlled trial of peroral magnesium in osteoporosis. Magnesium Research 6, 155–163.Google Scholar
Vieth, R (1999) Vitamin D supplementation, 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations and safety. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 69, 842–856.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Wood, RJ & Fleet, JC (1998) The genetics of osteoporosis: vitamin D receptor polymorphisms. Annual Reviews of Nutrition 18, 233–258.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed