Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-vdxz6 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-22T21:18:48.016Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Polyols in confectionery: the route to sugar-free, reduced sugar and reduced calorie confectionery

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  09 March 2007

Albert Zumbé
Affiliation:
Nutritional Biosciences Unit, Division of Biological Sciences, School of Environment and Life Sciences, The University of Salford, Greater Manchester, M5 4WT, UK
Adam Lee
Affiliation:
Nutritional Biosciences Unit, Division of Biological Sciences, School of Environment and Life Sciences, The University of Salford, Greater Manchester, M5 4WT, UK
David Storey*
Affiliation:
Nutritional Biosciences Unit, Division of Biological Sciences, School of Environment and Life Sciences, The University of Salford, Greater Manchester, M5 4WT, UK
*
*Corresponding author: D. M.Storey, fax 0161 295 5210, email [email protected]
Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Core share and HTML view are not available for this content. However, as you have access to this content, a full PDF is available via the ‘Save PDF’ action button.

Polyol-containing confectionery offers considerable advantages over traditional sucrose-based confectionery in terms of reduced energy content and reduced cariogenicity. However, over-consumption of polyol confectionery may lead to gastrointestinal symptoms in some individuals. Rather than consider this as a distinct disadvantage to the consumer, this article discusses how careful consideration of the physico-chemical properties of polyols and advances in product development and formulation can provide suitable polyol-based products for the consumer. Furthermore, food legislation and ingredient pricing issues are just some of the factors that must be taken into account when designing new polyol-containing products if their functional benefits and good product quality are to be delivered to the consumer.

Type
Research Article
Copyright
Copyright © The Nutrition Society 2001

References

Assev, S & Rolla, G (1984) Evidence for presence of xylitol phosphotransferase system in Streptococcus mutans OMZ 176. Acta Pathologica Microbiologica Immunologica Scandinavica (B Microbiol) 92, 8992.Google ScholarPubMed
Bornet, F, Blayo, A, Dauchy, F & Slama, G (1996) Gastrointestinal response and plasma and urine determinations in human subjects given erythritol. Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology 24, S296S302.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Bornet, F, Dauchy, F, Chevalier, A & Slama, G (1992) étude du devenir métabolique aprés ingestion chez l'homme sain, d'un nouvel édulcorant de charge basses calorie: l'érythritol. Gastroenterologie Clinique et Biologique 16, A169.Google Scholar
Brunzell, JD (1978) Use of fructose, sorbitol or xylitol as a sweetener in diabetes mellitus. Diabetes Care 1, 223-230,CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Departement of health (1989) Dietary Sugars and Human Health. Reports on Health and Social Subjects, 37. London: HMSO.Google Scholar
Departement of health (1994) Nutritional Aspects of Nutritional Aspects of Cardiovascular Disease. Reports on Health and Social Subjects, 46. London: HMSO.Google Scholar
European Communities (1973) Council Directive 73/241/EEC on the approximation of the laws of the member states relating to cocoa and chocolate products intended for human consumption. Official Journal of the European Communities No. L228/23.Google Scholar
European Communities (1990) Council Directive 90/496/EEC of 24th of September 1990 on nutrition labelling for foodstuffs. Official Journal of the European Communities No. L 276, 6.10.90, pp. 40, Luxembourg.Google Scholar
European Communities (1994) European Parliament and Council Directive 94/35/EC of 30th June 1994 on sweeteners for use in foodstuffs. Official Journal of the European Communities No. L 237, 10.9.94 p3, as amended by Directive 96/83/EC of 19th December 1996, Official Journal of the European Communities No. L 48, 19.2.97 p16, Luxembourg.Google Scholar
FASEB (1994) The Evaluation of the Energy of Certain Sugar Alcohols Used as Food Ingredients. Bethesda, MD: Life Sciences Research Office, Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology.Google Scholar
Gee, JM, Cooke, P, Gorick, S, Wortley, GM, Greenwood, RH, Zumbé, A and Johnson, IT (1991) Effects of conventional sucrose based, fructose based and isomalt based chocolates on postprandial metabolism in non insulin dependant diabetics. European Journal of Clinical Nutrition 45, 561566.Google Scholar
Goosens, J & Röper, H (1994) Erythritol: a new sweetener. Food Science and Technology Today 38, 144149.Google Scholar
Grenby, TH (1982) Nutritive sucrose substitutes and dental health. In Developments in Sweeteners - 2, pp. 51-88 [Grenby, TH, Parker, KJLindley, MG, editors]. London: Applied Science Publishers.Google Scholar
Grenby, TH & Saldanha, MG (1988) Comparison of lycasin versus sucrose sweets in demineralisation studies of human enamel and hydroxylapatite. Caries Research 22, 269275.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hayes, M & Roberts, K (1978) The breakdown of glucose, xylitol and other sugar alcohols by human dental plaque bacteria. Archives of Oral Biology 23, 445451.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hyams, JS (1983) Sorbitol intolerance: an unappreciated cause of functional gastrointestinal complaints. Gastroenterology 84, 3033.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Imfeld, TN (1983) Non-nutritive sweeteners, sugar substitutes and confectionery products. In Identification of Low Caries Risk Dietary Components pp. 117-141 [HM, Myers, editor] Monographs in Oral Science. London: Karger.Google ScholarPubMed
Jackson, BB (1990) Sugar confectionery manufacture. Glasgow: Blackie.Google Scholar
Jenkins, JDA, Wolever, THS & Taylor, RH (1981) Glycaemic index of foods: a physiological basis for carbohydrates exchange. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 34, 362366.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Johansen, HN & Jensen, BB (1997) Recovery of energy as SCFA after microbial fermentation of D-tagatose. International Journal of Obesity Suppl 221, S50.Google Scholar
Kawanabe, J, Hirasawa, M, Takeuchi, T, Oda, T & Ikeda, T (1992) Noncariogenicity of erythritol as a substrate. Caries Research 26, 358362.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Le Bot, Y, GouyPA, PA, (1995) Polyols from starch. In Handbook of Starch Hydrolysis Products and Their Derivatives 155-176. [Kearsley, MW, Dziedzic, SC, editors]. London: Blackie Academic & Professional.Google Scholar
Lee, A, Storey, DM & Zumbé, A (1994) Breath hydrogen after ingestion of the bulk sweeteners sorbitol, isomalt and sucrose in chocolate. British Journal of Nutrition 71, 731737.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Lee, A & Storey, DM (1999) Comparative gastrointestinal tolerance of sucrose lactitol, or D-tagatose in chocolate. Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology 29, S78S82.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Lees, R & Jackson, BB (1985) Sugar Confection and Chocolate Manufacture. Glasgow: Leonard Hill (Blackie Publishing Group).Google Scholar
Linke, HAB (1987) Sweeteners and dental health: the influence of sugar substitutes on oral microorganisms. In Developments in Sweeteners – 3 pp. 151–188 [TH, Grenby, editor]. London: Elsevier Applied Science.Google Scholar
Loesche, WJ (1986) The effect of sugar alcohols on plaque saliva level of Streptococcus mutans. Swedish Dental Journal 8, 125135.Google Scholar
Maki, Y, Ohta, K, Takazoe, I, Matsukubo, Y, Takaesu, Y, Topitsoglou, V & Frostell, G (1983) Acid production from isomaltulose, sucrose, sorbitol and xylitol in suspensions of human dental plaque. Caries Research 17, 335339.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Makinen, KKScheinin, A (1982) Xylitol and dental caries. Annual Review of Nutrition 2, 133155.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
MenziesIS, IS, (1983) Medical importance of sugars in the alimentary tract. In Developments in Sweeteners – 2 pp. 89–118 [Grenby, TH, Parker, KJ, Lindley, MG, editors]. London: Applied Science Publishers.Google Scholar
Pelletier, X, Hannesse, B, Bornet, F & Derby, G (1994) Glycaemic and insulinaemic responses in healthy volunteers upon ingestion of maltitol and hydrogenated glucose syrups. Diabete and Metabolism 20, 291296.Google ScholarPubMed
Pepper, T & Olinger, M (1988) Xylitol in sugar-free confections. Food Technology 1042, 98105.Google Scholar
Roquette (1998) Polyols. Roquette Freres, 62080 Lestrem, Cedex, France.Google Scholar
Sicard, PJ, Le Bot, Y (1994) Manufacturing opportunities with non-sugar sweeteners. In Sugarless – Towards the Year 2000 pp. 112–135 [Rugg-Gunn, AJ, editor]. Cambridge: Royal Society of Chemistry.Google Scholar
Sicard, PJ, LeroyP, P, (1983) Mannitol, sorbitol and lycasin: properties and food applications. In Developments in Sweeteners – 2 pp. 1–25 [Grenby, TH, Parker, KJ, Lindley, MG, editors]. London: Applied Science Publishers.Google Scholar
Storey, DM, ZumbéA, A, (1995) Physiology, metabolism and tolerance of digestible and low digestible carbohydrates. In Handbook of Starch Hydrolysis Products and Their Derivatives pp. 178–229 [Kearsley, MWDziedzic, SC, editors]. London: Blackie Academic & Professional.Google Scholar
US Code of Federal Regulations, Washington DC: 21 CFR 180.25.Google Scholar
US Code of Federal Regulations, Washington DC: 21 CFR 184.1835.Google Scholar
Xyrofin (UK) Ltd (1996) Xylitab: Directly compressible xylitol. Danisco Sweeteners Brochure, Danisco Sweeteners, 4151Brighton Rd, Redhill, Surrey RH1 6YS, UK.Google Scholar
Ziesenitz, SC & Siebert, G (1987) The metabolism and utilisation of polyols and other bulk sweetners compared with sugar. Developments in Sweeteners – 3 109149.Google Scholar
Zumbé, A & Brinkworth, R (1992) Comparative studies of gastrointestinal tolerance and acceptability of milk chocolate containing either sucrose, isomalt or sorbitol in healthy consumers and type II diabetics. Zeitschrift für Ernährungswissenschaft 31, 4048.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Zumbé, A, Lee, A, Storey, DM (1994) Manufacture and marketing of non-sugar chocolate. In Sugarless – Towards the Year 2000 pp. 47–71 [AJ, Rugg-Gunn, editor]. Cambridge: Royal Society of Chemistry.Google Scholar