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Phosphorus studies in pigs

1. Available phosphorus requirements of grower/finisher pigs

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  09 March 2007

P. P. Ketaren ,
E. S. Batterham ,
E. White ,
D. J. Farrell  and
B. K. Milthorpe
P. P. Ketaren
Affiliation:
NSW Agriculture, Wollongbar Agricultural Institute, Wollongbar, NSW 2477, Australia
E. S. Batterham
Affiliation:
NSW Agriculture, Wollongbar Agricultural Institute, Wollongbar, NSW 2477, Australia
E. White
Affiliation:
NSW Agriculture, Wollongbar Agricultural Institute, Wollongbar, NSW 2477, Australia
D. J. Farrell
Affiliation:
Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Nutrition, University of New England, Armidale, NSW 2351, Australia
B. K. Milthorpe
Affiliation:
Centre for Biomedical Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2033, Australia
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Abstract

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Two experiments were conducted to determine the available P requirements of grower and grower/finisher pigs and to define the conditions for conducting a growth assay for P availability. In the first experiment, diets with four levels of calculated available P (1–4 g/kg) and four Ca: available P ratios (1·7–2·9) were used to determine the available P requirements of grower pigs. The diets were formulated by substituting the required amounts of limestone and sodium tripolyphosphate for sugar in a soya-bean meal and sugar-based diet. In addition to measuring growth responses, a range of bones were examined to determine the most suitable criteria for assessing the response to available P. There was a small quadratic response of feed intake and growth rate of the pigs to level of available P, with maximum responses occurring to approximately 3 g available P/kg (P < 0·05). There were linear depressing effects of increasing Ca:available P ratios on carcass gain and feed conversion ratio (P < 0·01) but most of these effects occurred when the ratio exceeded 2·5:1. All bone variables examined increased linearly (P < 0·05) or curvilinearly (P < 0·01) with increasing available P concentration. In general, these variables were not affected by the Ca: available P ratio. The results of the growth responses and bone development indicate that the grower pig requires approximately 3 g available P/kg. However, for availability assays, where linearity of response is needed, the dietary concentration of available P should be a maximum of approximately 2 g/kg. In the second experiment four levels of calculated available P (1–4 g/kg) with a Ca: available P ratio of 2·5:1 were used to determine the available P requirements of grower/finisher pigs from 20 to 90 kg live weight. At 50 kg live weight the dietary available P concentration for half the pigs fed at 2, 3 and 4 g available P/kg was reduced to 1, 2 and 3 g/kg respectively. The pigs were fed ad lib. and growth performance, bone characteristics, P retention and ash concentration in the empty body were taken as response criteria to assess P adequacy. Among the variables tested, the ash concentration in the radius/ulna bone and P and ash concentrations in the empty body appeared to be more responsive than other variables to the changes in dietary P levels. Based on these variables, the P requirements for growth and bone development of growing pigs from 20 to 50 kg live weight was 3 g/kg and reduced to 2 g/kg for finisher pigs from 50 to 90 kg live weight.

Keywords

PhosphorusGrowth responseBone developmentPigs
Type
Phosphorus Availability in Pigs
Information
British Journal of Nutrition , Volume 70 , Issue 1 , July 1993 , pp. 249 - 268
Copyright
Copyright © The Nutrition Society 1993

References

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