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Overall glycaemic index and dietary glycaemic load and all-cause and cause-specific mortality in women from the Mexican Teachers’ Cohort

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  18 September 2024

Leticia Palma Open the ORCID record for Leticia Palma [Opens in a new window] ,
Dalia Stern ,
Salvador Zamora-Muñoz ,
Adriana Monge ,
Liliana Gómez-Flores-Ramos ,
Juan E. Hernández-Ávila  and
Martin Lajous
Leticia Palma
Affiliation:
Center for Research on Population Health, National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca, Mexico
Dalia Stern
Affiliation:
CONAHCYT – Center for Research on Population Health, National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca, Mexico
Salvador Zamora-Muñoz
Affiliation:
Institute for Research in Applied Mathematics and Systems, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, Mexico City, Mexico
Adriana Monge
Affiliation:
Center for Research on Population Health, National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca, Mexico
Liliana Gómez-Flores-Ramos
Affiliation:
Center for Research on Population Health, National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca, Mexico CONAHCYT – Center for Research on Population Health, National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca, Mexico
Juan E. Hernández-Ávila
Affiliation:
Center for Research on Evaluation and Surveys, National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca, Mexico
Martin Lajous*
Affiliation:
Center for Research on Population Health, National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca, Mexico Department of Global Health and Population, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
*
*Corresponding author: Dr Martin Lajous, email [email protected]
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Abstract

Previous studies have found direct associations between glycaemic index (GI) and glycaemic load (GL) with chronic diseases. However, this evidence has not been consistent in relation to mortality, and most data regarding this association come from high-income and low-carbohydrate-intake populations. The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between the overall GI and dietary GL and all-cause mortality, CVD and breast cancer mortality in Mexico. Participants from the Mexican Teachers’ Cohort (MTC) study in 2006–2008 were followed for a median of 10 years. Overall GI and dietary GL were calculated from a validated FFQ. Deaths were identified by the cross-linkage of MTC participants with two national mortality registries. Cox proportional hazard models were used to estimate the impact of GI and GL on mortality. We identified 1198 deaths. Comparing the lowest and highest quintile, dietary GI and GL appeared to be marginally associated with all-cause mortality; GI, 1·12 (95 % CI: 0·93, 1·35); GL, 1·12 (95 % CI: 0·87, 1·44). Higher GI and GL were associated with increased risk of CVD mortality, GI, 1·30 (95 % CI: 0·82, 2·08); GL, 1·64 (95 % CI: 0·87, 3·07) and with greater risk of breast cancer mortality; GI, 2·13 (95 % CI: 1·12, 4·06); GL, 2·43 (95 % CI: 0·90, 6·59). It is necessary to continue the improvement of carbohydrate quality indicators to better guide consumer choices and to lead the Mexican population to limit excessive intake of low-quality carbohydrate foods.

Keywords

Glycaemic indexGlycaemic loadAll-cause mortalityCVD mortalityBreast cancer mortalityMexican womenProspective studies
Type
Research Article
Information
British Journal of Nutrition , Volume 132 , Issue 4 , 28 August 2024 , pp. 512 - 521
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Copyright
© The Author(s), 2024. Published by Cambridge University Press on behalf of The Nutrition Society

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