Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-rcrh6 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-25T01:25:17.206Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Nitrogen metabolism and urinary excretion of purines in goat kids

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  09 March 2007

J. E. Lindberg
J. E. Lindberg
Affiliation:
Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Department of Animal Nutrition and Management, Kungsängens gård, S.753 23 Uppsala, Sweden
Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Core share and HTML view are not available for this content. However, as you have access to this content, a full PDF is available via the ‘Save PDF’ action button.

1. In Expt 1 three male goat kids of the Swedish Landrace breed were bottle-fed on isoenergetic liquid diets composed of goat's milk alone or substituted with 200, 400, 600 and 800 ml of a nitrogen-free liquid diet/1. The goat kids were 3 weeks old at the start of the experiment and weighed on average 5.3 (sd 0.22) kg. The experiment lasted for 45 d divided into nine 5 d periods. The goat kids were kept individually in metabolism cages, and faeces and urine were collected daily.

2. In Expt 1 there was a significant (P < 0.001) relation between N intake and N retention, with an estimated (extrapolation) basal N excretion of 211 mg N/kg metabolic live weight (W0.75). While the creatinine excretion remained fairly constant (19.9 mg/W0.75), there was a tendency for both the allantoin and uric acid excretions to change with N intakes. Hypoxanthine showed no consistent excretion pattern, and xanthine could not be detected.

3. In Expt 2 three male goat kids of the Swedish Landrace breed were used to study the effect of level of intake on N and purine metabolism. The first experimental period (period 1) started at 2 weeks of age (5.5 kg live weight) and the second experimental period (period 2) at 9 weeks of age (9.8 kg live weight). The goat kids were bottle-fed on goat milk at intended intakes of 400, 600, 800 and 1000 kJ gross energy/kg W0.75. Each treatment was given for 7 d with adaptation for 3 d and collections for 4 d.

4. In Expt 2 there were significant (P < 0.001) increases in both live weight and N retention when level of intake was increased. With increasing N intakes both total N and urea-N excretions increased significantly (P < 0.05). The proportions of urea-N and ammonia-N were fairly constant within periods, and were on average respectively 0.81 and 0.059 in period I and 0.84 and 0.068 in period 2. There was no significant effect of treatment on the urinary excretion of allantoin, hypoxanthine, xanthine and creatinine. In period 2 uric acid excretion was significantly (P < 0.01) affected by the treatments.

5. From the presented findings it is concluded that the endogenous urinary excretion of purine derivatives in a young growing ruminant was only marginally affected by large variations in protein supply, and also by the level of intake of milk.

Type
Research Article
Information
British Journal of Nutrition , Volume 61 , Issue 2 , March 1989 , pp. 309 - 321
Copyright
Copyright © The Nutrition Society 1989

References

Agricultural Research Council (1980) The Nutrient Requirements of Ruminant Livestock. Farnham Royal: Commonwealth Agricultural Bureaux.Google Scholar
Antoniewicz, A. M., Heinemann, W. W. & Hanks, E. M. (1980) The effect of changes in the intestinal flow of nucleic acids on allantoin excretion in the urine of sheep. Journal of Agricultural Science, Cambridge 95, 395–400.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Antoniewicz, A. M., Heinemann, W. W. & Hanks, E. M. (1981) Effect of level of feed intake and body mass on allantoin excretion and the allantoin to creatinine ratio in the urine of sheep. Roczniki Naukowe Zootechniki T 8, 49–65.Google Scholar
Antoniewicz, A. M. & Pisulewski, P. M. (1982) Measurement of endogenous allantoin excretion in sheep urine. Journal of Agricultural Science, Cambridge 98, 221–223.Google Scholar
Balch, C. C. (1967) Problems in predicting the value of non-protein nitrogen as a substitute for protein in rations for farm animal ruminants. World Review of Animal Production 3, 84–91.Google Scholar
Blaxter, K. L. & Wood, W. A. (1951) The nutrition of the young Ayrshire calf. 1. The endogenous nitrogen and basal energy metabolism of the calf. British Journal of Nutrition 5, 11–25.Google ScholarPubMed
Ciszuk, P. & Lindberg, J. E. (1985). Total nitrogen retention in lactating goats in relation to digested nitrogen and estimated absorption of amino acids. Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica 25, Suppl. 163-176.Google Scholar
DunnO, J. O, J. & Clark, V. A. (1974) Applied Statistics Analysis of Variance and Regression. New York: John Wiley.Google Scholar
Fattet, I., Hovell, F. D., Deb., , Ørskov, E. R., Kyle, D. J., Pennie, K. & Smart, R. I. (1984) Undernutrition in sheep. The effect of supplementation with protein on protein accretion. British Journal of Nutrition 52, 561–574.Google Scholar
Fujihara, T., Ørskov, E. R., Reeds, P. J. & Kyle, D. J. (1987) The effect of protein infusion on urinary excretion of purine derivatives in ruminants nourished by intragastric nutrition. Journal of Agricultural Science, Cambridge 109, 7–12.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Giesecke, D., Stangassinger, M. & Tiemeyer, W. (1984). Nucleic acid digestion and urinary purine metabolites in sheep nourished by intragastric infusions. Canadian Journal of Animal Science 64, Suppl., 144-145.Google Scholar
Hovell, F. D. Deb., Ørskov, E. R., Grubb, D. A. & MacLeod, N. A. (1983a) Basal urinary nitrogen excretion and growth response to supplemental protein by lambs close to energy equilibrium. British Journal of Nutrition 50, 173–187.Google Scholar
Hovell, F. D. Deb., Ørskov, E. R., MacLeod, N. A. & McDonald, I. (1983b) The effect of changes in the amount of energy infused as volatile fatty acids on the nitrogen retention and creatinine excretion of lambs wholly nourished by intragastric infusion. British Journal of Nutrtion 50, 331–343.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Johke, T. (1978). Nucleotides of mammary secretions. In Lactation; a Comprehensive Treatise, Vol. 4, pp. 513–522. [Larsson, B. L. editor]. New York: Academic Press.Google Scholar
Lindberg, J. E. (1985) Urinary allantoin excretion and digestible organic matter intake in dairy goats. Swedish Journal of Agricultural Research 15, 31–37.Google Scholar
Lindberg, J. E., Bristav, H. & Manyenga, A. R. (1988a). Excretion of purines in the urine of sheep in relation to duodenal flow of microbial protein. Swedish Journal of Agricultural Research (In the Press.)Google Scholar
Lindberg, J. E. & Jansson, C. (1988). A rapid automated analysis of allantoin in ruminant urine. Swedish Journal of Agricultural Research (In the Press.)Google Scholar
Lindberg, J. E., Manyenga, A. R. & Karlsson, A. R. (1988b) Equipment for the Collection of Faeces and Urine in Growing Goat Kids. Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Department of Animal Nutrition and Management, Report 168.Google Scholar
Lindgren, E. (1980) Estimation of Energy Losses in Methane and Urine by Ruminants. Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Department of Animal Nutrition, Report 47.Google Scholar
McAllan, A. B. (1982) The fate of nucleic acids in ruminants. Proceedings of the Vutrition Society 41, 309–317.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
McGregor, B. A. (1980) Growth and composition of wether goat carcasses. Animal Production in Australia 13, 345–348.Google Scholar
Nordisk Metodikkommitté för livsmedel (1976). no. 16, 3rd ed.Google Scholar
Ørskov, E. R. & MacLeod, N. A. (1982) The determination of the minimal nitrogen excretion in steers and dairy cows and its physiological and practical implications. British Journal of Nutrition 47, 625–636.Google Scholar
Ørskov, E. R., MacLeod, N. A., Fahmy, S. T. M., Istasse, L. & Hovell, F. D. Deb. (1983) Investigation on nitrogen balance in dairy cows and steers nourished by intragastric infusion. Effects of submaintenance energy input with or without protein. British Journal of Nutrition 50, 99–107.Google ScholarPubMed
Rys, R., Antoniewicz, A. & Maciejewicz, J. (1975). Allantoin in urine as an index of microbial protein in the rumen. In Tracer Studies on Non-protein Nitrogen in Ruminants, Vol. 2, pp. 95–98. Vienna: IAEA.Google Scholar
SAS (1982) SAS User's Guide: Statistics. Cary, NC: SAS Institute.Google Scholar
Sibanda, S. (1982). The excretion of allantoin and other urinary nitrogen compounds by ruminants in relation to microbial protein production and dietary energy and protein. MSc Thesis, University of Aberdeen.Google Scholar
Storm, E., Ørskov, E. R. & Smart, R. (1983) The nutritive value of rumen micro-organisms in ruminants. 2. The apparent digestibility and net utilization of microbial N for growing lambs. British Journal of Nutrition 50, 471–478.Google ScholarPubMed
Technicon Instruments Co. Inc. (1972) Technicon Clinical Method No. 01. Basingstoke: Technicon Instruments.Google Scholar
Technicon Instruments Co. Inc. (1977a) Technicon Industrial Method no. 334-74W/B+. Basingstoke: Technicon Instruments.Google Scholar
Technicon Instruments Co. Inc. (1977b) Technicon Industrial Method no. SF4-011FC7. Basingstoke: Technicon Instruments.Google Scholar
Topps, J. H. & Elliot, R. C. (1965) Relationship between concentrations of ruminal nucleic acids and excretion of purine derivatives by sheep. Nature 205, 498–499.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Vercoe, J. E. (1976) Urinary allantoin excretion and digestible dry-matter intake in cattle and buffalo. Journal of Agricultural Science. Cambridge 86, 613–615.Google Scholar
Walker, D. M. (1967) Nitrogen balance studies with the milk-fed lamb. 6. Effect of starvation and realimentation. British Journal of Nutrition 21, 289–308.Google Scholar
Walker, D. M. & Faichney, G. J. (1964a) Nitrogen balance studies with the milk-fed lamb. 2. The partition of urinary nitrogen and sulphur. British Journal of Nutrition 18, 201–207.Google ScholarPubMed
Walker, D. M. & Faichney, G. J. (1964b) Nitrogen balance studies with the milk-fed lamb. 3. Effect of different nitrogen intakes on growth and nitrogen balance. British Journal of Nutrition 18, 295.Google ScholarPubMed
Watts, R. W. E. (1980). Biochemical aspects of nucleic acid metabolism. In: European Association of Animal Production Publication no. 27, pp. 106–117. Braunschweig: Federal Republic of Germany.Google Scholar
Young, E. G. & Conway, C. F. (1942) On the estimation of allantoin by the Rimini-Schryver reaction. Journal of Biological Chemistry 142, 839–852.CrossRefGoogle Scholar