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Metabolic responses to isoenergetic meals containing different proportions of carbohydrate and fat

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  09 March 2007

Helena A. Whitley ,
Sandy M. Humphreys ,
Jaswinder S. Samra ,
Iain T. Campbell ,
Donald P. M. Maclaren ,
Tom Reilly  and
Keith N. Frayn
Helena A. Whitley
Affiliation:
Oxford Lipid Metabolism Group, Radcliffe Infirmary, Woodstock Road, Oxford OX2 6HE
Sandy M. Humphreys
Affiliation:
Oxford Lipid Metabolism Group, Radcliffe Infirmary, Woodstock Road, Oxford OX2 6HE
Jaswinder S. Samra
Affiliation:
Oxford Lipid Metabolism Group, Radcliffe Infirmary, Woodstock Road, Oxford OX2 6HE
Iain T. Campbell
Affiliation:
University Department of Anaesthesia, Withington Hospital, Nell Lane, Manchester M20 8LR
Donald P. M. Maclaren
Affiliation:
Centre for Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Mountford Building, Byrom Street, Liverpool L3 3AF
Tom Reilly
Affiliation:
Centre for Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Mountford Building, Byrom Street, Liverpool L3 3AF
Keith N. Frayn
Affiliation:
Oxford Lipid Metabolism Group, Radcliffe Infirmary, Woodstock Road, Oxford OX2 6HE
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Abstract

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The purpose of the present study was to investigate the interrelationship between carbohydrate and fat metabolism at rest after isoenergetic meals of varying proportions of carbohydrate and fat. Eight physically-active subjects (BMI 18·1–23·4 kg/m2) were studied at rest on three occasions after an overnight fast. In a balanced design they were given meals containing carbohydrate, protein and fat in the following amounts respectively (g/70 kg body weight): meal 1 121,16,48; meal 2 70,16,70; meal 3 50, 14, 80. All meals were isoenergetic, containing 4·0 MJ/70 kg body weight, and were of similar appearance. In addition, on a fourth occasion five of the eight subjects consumed meal 4 (g/70 kg body weight): Carbohydrate 0, protein 0, fat 108. Blood samples were taken before eating the meal and at intervals following the meal to determine metabolic and hormonal responses. Energy expenditure and substrate oxidation were measured by indirect calorimetry and balance was calculated over the 5 h postprandial period. The incremental areas under the time curves for fat oxidation were greatest after meals 3 and 4 (P<0·05), whereas incremental areas under thecarbohydrate oxidation v. time curves were relatively reduced after these two meals (P<0·05). This was accompanied by lesser suppression of plasma non-esterified fatty acid concentrations (P<0·001) and reduced plasma insulin concentrations (P<0·001) following these meals. Energy balance was almost identical after the three isoenergetic meals. In contrast, there was an inverse relationship between Carbohydrate and fat balance following these meals, with carbohydrate balance decreasing as carbohydrate intake decreased and fat balance increasing as fat intake increased. We conclude that there is a close interrelationship between carbohydrate and fat metabolism following isoenergetic meals in resting subjects.

Keywords

Isoenergetic mealsSubstrate balanceSubstrate oxidation
Type
Human and Clinical Nutrition
Information
British Journal of Nutrition , Volume 78 , Issue 1 , July 1997 , pp. 15 - 26
Copyright
Copyright © The Nutrition Society 1997

References

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