Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-l7hp2 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-20T11:47:57.192Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Metabolic and cardiovascular responses to liquid and solid test meals

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  09 March 2007

M. Elmukhtar Habas  and
I. A. Macdonald
M. Elmukhtar Habas
Affiliation:
School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Nottingham Medical School, Clifton Boulevard, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK
I. A. Macdonald*
Affiliation:
School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Nottingham Medical School, Clifton Boulevard, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK
*
*Corresponding author:Professor I. A. Macdonald, fax +44 (0) 115 970 9259, email [email protected]
Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Core share and HTML view are not available for this content. However, as you have access to this content, a full PDF is available via the ‘Save PDF’ action button.

There is indirect evidence from previous studies that the physiological responses to a liquid test meal may differ from those seen after consumption of a solid meal. The aim of the present study was to determine the metabolic and cardiovascular responses to isoenergetic high-carbohydrate mixed nutrient liquid or solid test meals, providing 2.1 MJ (approximately 70% of which was from carbohydrate), in eight healthy men following an overnight fast. Metabolic rate increased significantly after both meals (P < 0.0001, time effect), but the increase was significantly greater after the solid than after the liquid test meal (0.40 (SE 0.14), 0.26 (SE 0.10) kJ/min respectively, P = 0.001). The respiratory exchange ratio increased significantly after both the liquid and solid test meals, with no significant differences between them. Forearm blood flow increased significantly after the liquid test meal (0.70 (SE 0.33) ml/100 ml per min, P < 0.0001), whilst it decreased after the solid meal (−0.28 (SE 0.16)ml/100ml per min, P< 0.0001). Heart rate increased on both occasions, but the response was significantly greater after the solid meal (P=0.02). There were no significant plasma noradrenaline responses, but there were significantly higher increases in serum insulin and blood glucose following the solid meal. Thus, the physical form of a test meal affects the physiological responses to nutrient ingestion.

Keywords

Metabolic responsesCardiovascular responsesLiquid/solid test meal
Type
Human and Clinical Nutrition
Information
British Journal of Nutrition , Volume 79 , Issue 3 , March 1998 , pp. 241 - 247
Copyright
Copyright © The Nutrition Society 1998

References

Acheson, KJ, Schutz, Y, Bessard, T, Ravussin, E, Jequier, J & Flatt, JP (1984) Nutritional influence on lipogenesis and thermogenesis after a carbohydrate meal. American Journal of Physiology 246, E62–E70.Google ScholarPubMed
Carbonnel, F, Lemann, M, Rambaud, J, Mundler, O & Raymond, J (1994) Effect of energy density of a solid-liquid meal on gastric emptying and satiety. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 60, 307–311.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Fagan, TC, Sawyer, PR, Gourley, LA, Lee, JT & Gaffney, TE (1986) Postprandial alteration in haemodynamics and blood pressure in normal subjects. American Journal of Cardiology 58, 636–641.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Fellows, IW & Macdonald, IA (1985) An automatic method for the measurement of oxygen consumption and carbon dioxide excretion in man. Clinical Physics and Physiological Measurement 6, 349–355.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gallen, IW & Macdonald, IA (1990) The effects of a 48 h fast on the physiological responses to food ingestion in normal-weight women. British Journal of Nutrition 63, 53–64.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Greenfield, AD, Whitney, RJ & Mowbray, JF (1963) Methods for the investigation of peripheral blood flow. British Medical Bulletin 19, 1901–1909.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Host, U, Kelbaek, H, Rasmusen, H, Court-Payen, M, Christensen, NJ, Pedersen-Bjergaard, U & Lorenzen, T (1996) Haemodynamic effects of eating: the role of meal composition. Clinical Science 90, 269–279.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hunt, JN (1980) A possible relation between the regulation of gastric emptying and food intake. American Journal of Physiology 239, G1–G4.Google ScholarPubMed
Kearney, MT, Cowley, AJ, Stubbs, TA, Perry, AJ & Macdonald, IA (1996) Central and peripheral haemodynamic responses to high carbohydrate and high fat meals in human cardiac transplant recipients. Clinical Science 90, 473–483.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kinabo, JLD & Durnin, JVGA (1990) Effect of meal frequency on thermic effect of food in women. European Journal of Clinical Nutrition 44, 389–395.Google ScholarPubMed
Kinabo, JLD & Durnin, JVGA (1993) Thermic effect of food in man: effect of meal composition, and energy content. British Journal of Nutrition 64, 37–44.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Macdonald, I (1984) Differences in dietary-induced thermogenesis following the ingestion of various carbohydrates. Annals of Nutrition and Metabolism 28, 226–230.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Macdonald, IA & Lake, DM (1985) An improved technique for extracting catecholamines from body fluids. Journal of Neuroscience Methods 13, 239–248.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
McHugh, P & Moran, TH (1979) Calories and gastric emptying: a regulation capacity with implication for feeding. American Journal of Physiology 236, R254–R260.Google ScholarPubMed
McGuire, EAH, Helderman, JH, Todin, JD, Andres, R & Berman, M (1976) Effects of arterial versus venous sampling on the analysis of glucose kinetics in man. Journal of Applied Physiology 41, 565–573.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Mansell, PI & Macdonald, IA (1988) The effect of underfeeding on the physiological responses to food in normal weight women. British Journal of Nutrition 60, 39–48.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Qamar, MI, Read, AE, Skidmore, R, Evans, JM & Williamson, RCN (1985) Transcutaneous Doppler ultrasound measurements of coeliac axis blood flow in man. British Journal of Surgery 72, 391–393.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Reed, GW & Hill, JO (1996) Measuring the thermogenic effect of food. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 63, 164–169.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Robinson, SM & York, DA (1988) Cigarette smoking and the thermic responses to isocaloric meals of varying composition and palatability. European Journal of Clinical Nutrition 42, 551–559.Google ScholarPubMed
Segal, KR, Chung, A, Coronal, P, Cruz-Noori, A & Santos, R (1992) Reliability of the measurement of postprandial thermogenesis in men of three levels of body fatness. Metabolism: Clinical and Experimental 41, 754–762.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Segal, KR, Edano, A & Tomas, MB (1990) Thermic effect of a meal over 3 and 6 hours in lean and obese men. Metabolism 39, 985–992.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Sidery, MB, Cowley, AJ & Macdonald, IA (1993) Cardiovascular responses to a high-fat and a high-carbohydrate meal in healthy elderly subjects. Clinical Science 84, 263–270.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sidery, MB, Gallen, IW & Macdonald, IA (1990) The initial physiological responses to glucose ingestion in normal subjects are modified by a 3 d high-fat diet. British Journal of Nutrition 64, 705–713.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Sidery, MB & Macdonald, IA (1994) The effect of meal size on the cardiovascular responses to food ingestion. British Journal of Nutrition 71, 835–848.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Sidery, MB, Macdonald, IA & Blackshaw, PE (1994) Superior mesenteric artery blood flow and gastric emptying in humans and the differential effects of high fat and high carbohydrate meals. Gut 35, 186–190.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Sidery, MB, Macdonald, IA, Cowley, AJ & Fullwood, LJ (1991) Cardiovascular responses to high fat and high carbohydrate meals in young subjects. American Journal of Physiology 261, H1430–H1436.Google ScholarPubMed
Simonson, L, Bulow, J, Astrup, A, Madsen, J & Christensen, NJ (1990) Diet-induced changes in subcutaneous adipose tissue blood flow in man: effect of β-adrenoceptor inhibition. Acta Physiologica Scandinavica 139, 341–346.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tappy, L & Jequier, E (1993) Fructose and dietary thermogenesis. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 58, S766–S770.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Tataranni, PA, Larson, DE, Snitker, S & Ravussin, E (1995) Thermic effect of food in humans: methods and results from use of a respiratory chamber. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 61, 1013–1019.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Vaz, M, Turner, A, Kingwell, B, Chin, J, Koff, E, Cox, H, Jennings, G & Esler, M (1995) Postprandial sympatho-adrenal activity: its relation to metabolic and cardiovascular events and to changes in meal frequency. Clinical Science 89, 349–357.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Waaler, BA, Eriksen, M & Janbu, T (1990) The effect of meal on cardiac output in man at rest and moderate exercise. Acta Physiologica Scandinavica 140, 167–173.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Weir, JBDeV (1949) New method for calculating metabolic rate with special reference to protein metabolism. Journal of Physiology 109, 1–9.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Welle, S, Lilavivate, U & Campbell, RG (1981) Thermic effect of feeding in man: increased plasma norepinephrine levels following glucose but not protein or fat consumption. Metabolism 30, 953–957.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Welle, S, Lilavivathana, U & Campbell, RG (1980) Increased plasma norepinephrine concentration and metabolic rates following glucose ingestion in man. Metabolism 29, 806–809.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Whitney, RJ (1953) Measurement of volume changes in human limbs. Journal of Physiology 121, 1–27.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed