Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-gxg78 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-23T05:21:02.311Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Increasing the viscosity of the intestinal contents stimulates proliferation of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli and Brachyspira pilosicoli in weaner pigs

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  09 March 2007

D. E. Hopwood ,
D. W. Pethick  and
D. J. Hampson
D. E. Hopwood
Affiliation:
Division of Veterinary and Biomedical Science, Murdoch University, South Street, Murdoch, Western Australia 6150, Australia
D. W. Pethick
Affiliation:
Division of Veterinary and Biomedical Science, Murdoch University, South Street, Murdoch, Western Australia 6150, Australia
D. J. Hampson*
Affiliation:
Division of Veterinary and Biomedical Science, Murdoch University, South Street, Murdoch, Western Australia 6150, Australia
*
*Corresponding author:Dr David J. Hampson, fax +618 9310 4144, email [email protected]
Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Core share and HTML view are not available for this content. However, as you have access to this content, a full PDF is available via the ‘Save PDF’ action button.

The present study was designed to evaluate the effect of increased viscosity of the intestinal digesta on proliferation of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli and the intestinal spirochaete Brachyspira pilosicoli in weaned pigs. Pigs were fed an experimental diet based on cooked white rice (R), which was supplemented with carboxymethylcellulose (CMC; 40 g/kg diet) to increase digesta viscosity. Thirty-six piglets weaned at 21 d of age were divided into six groups, three of which were fed R and three R+CMC. Addition of CMC increased digesta viscosity in the ileum (P=0·01), caecum (P=0·0007) and colon (P=0·0035), without increasing indices of large intestinal fermentation. Pigs fed R+CMC developed a natural infection with enterotoxigenic E. coli after weaning and had more (P<0·0001) diarrhoea than pigs fed R. Subsequent experimental infection of two groups of pigs with B. pilosicoli resulted in more (P<0·0001) colonisation in pigs fed R+CMC than R. At this time, all pigs fed R+CMC had wetter (P<0·0001) faeces than those fed R, irrespective of whether they were infected with B. pilosicoli, but infected pigs also had an increased (P=0·025) number of days with diarrhoea post-infection irrespective of diet. In pigs fed R+CMC, it was not clear to what extent the increased viscosity associated with CMC, or the concurrent infection with enterotoxigenic E. coli, was responsible for the increased proliferation of B. pilosicoli. In a second experiment, five pigs that were weaned onto an R diet were transferred onto R+CMC 3 weeks later. These pigs did not develop a natural infection with enterotoxigenic E. coli after the diet change, confirming the particular susceptibility of pigs to enterotoxigenic E. coli proliferation immediately post-weaning.

Keywords

Digesta viscosityCarboxymethylcelluloseEscherichia coliBrachyspira pilosicoliWeaner-pig diarrhoea
Type
Research Article
Information
British Journal of Nutrition , Volume 88 , Issue 5 , November 2002 , pp. 523 - 532
Copyright
Copyright © The Nutrition Society 2002

References

Atyeo, RF, Oxberry, SL, Combs, BG & Hampson, DJ (1998) Development and evaluation of polymerase chain reaction tests as an aid to diagnosis of swine dysentery and intestinal spirochaetosis. Letters in Applied Microbiology 26, 126–130.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Bertschinger, HU & Eggenberger, E (1978) Evaluation of low nutrient, high fibre diets for the prevention of porcine. Escherichia coli enterotoxaemia. Veterinary Microbiology 3, 281–289.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cherbut, C, Albina, E, Champ, M, Coublier, JL & Lecannu, G (1990) Action of guar gums on the viscosity of digestive contents and on the gastrointestinal motor function in pigs. Digestion 46, 205–213.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ehrlein, H & Haas-Deppe, B (1998) Comparison of absorption of nutrients and secretion of water between oligomeric and polymeric enteral diets in pigs. British Journal of Nutrition 80, 545–553.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ehrlein, H & Stockmann, A (1998) Absorption of nutrients is only slightly reduced by supplementing enteral formulas with viscous fiber in miniature pigs. Journal of Nutrition 128, 2446–2455.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ellis, PR, Roberts, FG, Low, AG & Morgan, LM (1995) The effect of high-molecular-weight guar gum on net apparent glucose absorption and net apparent insulin and gastric inhibitory polypeptide production in the growing pig: relationship to rheological changes in jejunal digesta. British Journal of Nutrition 74, 539–556.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Fernandez, F, Sharma, R, Hinton, M & Bedford, MR (2000) Diet influences the colonisation of Campylobacter jejuni and distribution of mucin carbohydrates in the chick intestinal tract. Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences 57, 1793–1801.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hammermueller, J, Krouth, S, Prescott, J & Gyles, CL (1995) Detection of toxin genes in Escherichia coli isolated from normal dogs and dogs with diarrhea. Canadian Veterinary Journal 59, 265–270.Google ScholarPubMed
Hampson, DJ (1987) Dietary influences on porcine postweaning diarrhoea. In Manipulating Pig Production pp. 202–214 [Barnett, JL, Batterham, ES, Cronin, GM, Hansen, C, Hemsworth, PH, Hennessy, DP, Hughes, PE, Johnson, NE and King, RH, editors]. Werribee, Victoria: Australasian Pig Science Association.Google Scholar
Hampson, DJ (1994) Postweaning Escherichia coli diarrhoea in pigs. In Escherichia coli in Domestic Animals and Humans, pp. 171–191 [Gyles, CL, editor]. Wallingford, Oxon: CAB International.Google Scholar
Hampson, DJ & Trott, DJ (1999) Spirochaetal diarrhoea/porcine intestinal spirochaetosis. In Disease of Swine, 8th ed., pp. 553–562 [Straw, BE, D'Allaire, S, Mengeling, WL and Taylor, DJ, editors]. Ames, IA: Iowa State University Press.Google Scholar
Hampson, DJ, Woodward, JM & Connaughton, ID (1993) Genetic analysis of Escherichia coli from porcine postweaning diarrhoea. Epidemiology and Infection 110, 575–581.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hampson, DJ, Robertson, ID, La, T, Oxberry, SL & Pethick, DW (2000) Influences of diet and vaccination on colonisation of pigs by the intestinal spirochaete. Brachyspira (Serpulina) pilosicoli. Veterinary Microbiology 73, 75–84.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hampson, DJ, Phillips, ND & Pluske, JR (2002) Dietary enzyme and zinc bacitracin inhibit colonisation of layer hens by the intestinal spirochaete Brachyspira intermedia. Veterinary Microbiology 86, 351–360.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jenkinson, SR & Wingar, CR (1981) Selective medium for the isolation of Treponema hyodysenteriae. Veterinary Record 109, 384–385.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Johnson, IT & Gee, JM (1981) Effect of gel-forming gums on the intestinal unstirred layer and sugar transport in vitro. Gut 22, 398–403.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kunkle, RA, Harris, DL & Kinyon, JM (1986) Autoclaved liquid medium for propogation of Treponema hyodysenteriae. Journal of Clinical Microbiology 24, 669–671.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
McDonald, DE, Pethick, DW, Mullan, BW & Hampson, DJ (2001) Increasing viscosity of the intestinal contents alters small intestinal structure and intestinal growth, and stimulates proliferation of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli in newly-weaned pigs. British Journal of Nutrition 86, 487–498.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
McDonald, DE, Pethick, DW, Pluske, JR & Hampson, DJ (1999) Adverse effects of soluble non-starch polysaccharide (guar gum) on piglet growth and experimental colibacillosis immediately after weaning. Research in Veterinary Science 67, 245–250.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
McRorie, J, Brown, S, Cooper, R, Givaruangsawat, S, Scruggs, D & Boring, G (2000) Effects of dietary fibre and olestra on regional apparent viscosity and water content of digesta residue in porcine large intestine. Alimentary Pharmacology and Therapeutics 14, 471–477.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
McRorie, J, Pepple, S & Rudolph, C (1998) Effects of fiber laxatives and calcium docusate on regional water content and viscosity of digesta in the large intestine of the pig. Digestive Diseases and Sciences 43, 738–745.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Milner, JA & Sellwood, R (1994) Chemotactic response to mucin by Serpulina pilosicoli and other porcine spirochaetes: potential role in intestinal colonisation. Infection and Immunity 22, 736–739.Google Scholar
Palmer, NC & Hulland, TJ (1965) Factors predisposing to the development of coliform gastroenteritis in weaned pigs. Canadian Veterinary Journal 6, 310–316.Google Scholar
Pethick, DW, Lindsay, DB, Barker, PJ & Northrop, AJ (1981) Acetate supply and utilization by the tissues of sheep in vivo. British Journal of Nutrition 46, 97–110. (Erratum in British Journal of Nutrition (1986) 56, 313).CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Pluske, JR, Durmic, Z, Pethick, DW, Mullan, BP & Hampson, DJ (1998) Confirmation of the role of rapidly fermentable carbohydrates in the expression of swine dysentery in pigs after experimental infection. Journal of Nutrition 128, 1737–1744.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Pluske, JR, Siba, PM, Pethick, DW, Durmic, A, Mullan, BP & Hampson, DJ (1996) The incidence of swine dysentery in pigs can be reduced by feeding diets that limit the amount of fermentable substrate entering the large intestine. Journal of Nutrition 126, 2920–2933.Google ScholarPubMed
Rossi, S, Bonferoni, MC, Ferrari, F, Bertoni, M & Caramell, C (1996) Characterization of mucin interaction with three viscosity grades of sodium carboxymethyl cellulose. Comparisons between rheological and tensile testing. European Journal of Pharamaceutical Science 4, 189–196.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Siba, PM, Pethick, DW & Hampson, DJ (1996) Pigs experimentally infected with Serpulina hyodysenteriae can be protected from developing swine dysentery by feeding them a highly digestible diet. Epidemiology and Infection 116, 207–216.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Smith, HW & Halls, S (1968) The production of oedema disease and diarrhoea in weaned pigs by the oral administration of Escherichia coli: factors that influence the course of the experimental disease. Journal of Medical Microbiology 1, 45–59.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Smits, CH, Veldman, HI, Verkade, HI & Beynen, AC (1998) The inhibitory effect of carboxymethylcellulose with high viscosity on lipid absorption in broiler chickens coincides with reduced bile salt concentration and raised microbial numbers in the small intestine. Poultry Science 77, 1534–1539.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Taylor, DJ & Trott, DJ (1997) Porcine intestinal spirochaetosis and spirochaetal colitis. In Intestinal Spirochaetes in Domestic Animals and Humans, pp. 211–242 [Hampson, DJ and Stanton, TB, editors]. Wallingford, Oxon: CAB International.Google Scholar
Trott, DJ, Huxtable, CR & Hampson, DJ (1996a) Experimental infection of newly weaned pigs with human and porcine strains of Serpulina pilosicoli. Infection and Immunity 64, 4648–4654.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Trott, DJ, Stanton, TB, Jensen, NS, Duhamel, GE, Johnson, JL & Hampson, DJ (1996b) Serpulina pilosicoli sp nov, the agent of porcine intestinal spirochetosis. International Journal of Systematic Bacteriology 46, 206–215.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Witters, NA & Duhamel, GB (1999) Motility-regulated mucin association of Serpulina pilosicoli, the agent of colonic spirochetosis of humans and animals. Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology 473, 199–205.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed